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Regulations on the amount of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances allowed in drinking water are getting more and more stringent, and detecting small amounts is challenging. A sensing platform based on a remote gate field-effect transistor allows a sensitivity higher than that required by the US Environmental Protection Agency to be reached.

UCHL5 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that cleaves Lys-48-linked polyubiquitin chains. Here, the authors discover through in-vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screens that Uchl5 is involved in immune evasion and modulation of extracellular matrix deposition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Bacteriocins include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that often disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane. Here, the authors describe TMcin (transmembrane helix-containing bacteriocin), a class of AMPs that forms large, structured pores in the target membrane.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Graphene systems exhibit flavor order transitions driven by tuning parameters. Here, the authors demonstrate an optical technique for detecting flavor textures in graphene via the exciton response of a proximal transition metal dichalcogenide layer.

The direct synthesis of uniform polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride films facilitates complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor integration for scalable memristive electronics, showcasing transfer-free hexagonal boron nitride memristors that exhibit high yield, reliability, multistate operation and low noise.

A subset of pediatric gliomas harbour alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-family proteins. Here, the authors characterise the genomic landscape of 11,635 gliomas across ages and use isogenic model systems to explore the underlying biology of FGFR1-altered gliomas and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

We demonstrate an avalanche photodiode design using photon-trapping structures to enhance the quantum efficiency and minimizing the absorber thickness, yielding high quantum efficiency, suppressed dark current density and bandwidth of ~7 GHz.

Time-resolved probing of electronic dynamics such as exciton formation and annihilation requires attosecond pulses at photon energies covering the absorption edges of materials. Here, Silva et al. experimentally demonstrate spatio-temporal isolation of single-attosecond soft X-ray pulses in the water window.

2D devices with negative differential resistance are desired for multivalued logic applications, but they are normally limited by low current densities and operational frequency. Here, the authors report graphene/hexagonal boron nitride/graphene resonant tunnelling transistors with room temperature peak current density up to 2700 μA/μm² and operational frequencies up to 11 GHz.

Ultraviolet observations of an ultra-massive white dwarf with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal small amounts of carbon on the surface, identifying it as a merger remnant.

The Pine Island Glacier, a locus of ice loss from the modern West Antarctic Ice Sheet, had previously been stable since at least the mid-Holocene, according to records tracking ice extent based on radiocarbon and cosmogenic exposure dating.

Mesocosm experiments revealed that both phytoplankton community composition and cellular acclimation influence marine particulate C:N:P ratios, with community shifts more sensitive to nitrogen supply and acclimation to the nutrient N:P supply ratio

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

The alveolar bone supports the tooth’s lifelong functionality. Here, the authors identify a tooth-specific mechanism of bone formation in which the Hedgehog–Foxf pathway regulates the alveolar bone osteoblast fates of DF progenitor cells.

We propose a mu-near-zero index platform, a kind of near-zero refractive index materials, that enable long-range entanglement between on-chip quantum emitters. Transient and steady state concurrence demonstrating an order of magnitude enhancement compared to previous works.

Highly sensitive avalanche photodiodes that operate at near-infrared wavelengths of up to 2 μm could prove useful for eye-safe light imaging, detection and ranging, and other applications.

Control of correlated excitonic states is a key goal of modern optoelectronic physics. Here, the authors demonstrate filling- and field-tunable exciton valley-pseudospin orders in a moiré heterostructure.

Electrical excitability in neuroendocrine SCLC cells promotes tumour progression through action potential firing, increasing ATP demand and oxidative phosphorylation dependency, whereas non-neuroendocrine cells provide metabolic support, driving a tumour-autonomous cycle that enhances tumorigenesis and metastasis.

It is useful to be able to equip marine animals with sensors, but it can be challenging to attach these to soft marine organisms. Here, the authors use an adhesive hydrogel to achieve rapid attachment of sensors to marine life including jellyfish, squid and lobster.

Self-ordered heterogeneous nanostructures are of broad interest for both fundamental studies and technological applications. Here authors show that segregation in a multicomponent system during growth can yield highly strained germanium nanowire arrays embedded within a ternary semiconductor matrix.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Behavioral variation is thought to result from noise in sensory representations or final motor commands. In this study, the authors investigate variability in eye movements and model that variability as resulting from noisy sensorimotor transformations occurring in the middle temporal visual area.

Epichaperomes are chaperone assemblies that reorganize protein networks under stress. Here, authors reveal how HSP90 phosphorylation drives epichaperome formation, linking this process to cancer cell behaviors and pluripotent stem cell functions.

Perovskite solar cells degrade when subjected to reverse bias. Jiang et al. show that relatively thick hole transport layers and metal back contacts with improved electrochemical stability afford better tolerance to reverse bias.

In this Review, the authors summarize the biological features of low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, clinical risk stratification and evidence supporting treatment strategies. They also highlight contemporary developments in monitoring and therapeutic technologies.

We find that, in mice, although the individual loss of Parkin or OMA1 does not affect mitochondrial integrity, their combined loss results in small body size, low locomotor activity, premature death, mitochondrial abnormalities and innate immune responses.

Stereotactic needle biopsies are currently performed for diagnosis only in glioblastoma; this study highlights the depth of information available through multi-omics analysis.

Red quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with an external quantum efficiency of 18%, close to the theoretical maximum of 20%, are reported. Using a layer of zinc oxide nanocrystals provides highly effective electron transport, resulting in devices with a low operating voltage and a high luminous power efficiency of 25 lm W⁻¹.

Satellite data show declining global forest recovery from tree mortality since the 1990s, driven by warming and water scarcity. Canopy water recovers slower than greenness, stressing the need for a multifaceted approach to assessing recovery.

An end-to-end continuous-variable quantum key distribution system with an untrusted node is proposed. A proof-of-principle experiment shows that 10⁻¹ secret key bits per relay use are distributed at 4 dB loss, corresponding to 20 km in optical fibre.

A pangenome of the Cannabis genus including 193 genomes demonstrates high variability in most of the genome but low diversity in cannabinoid synthesis genes and provides a resource for future genetic studies and crop optimization.

The heterogenous nature of rheumatoid arthritis renders the prediction of responsiveness to biological treatments difficult. Here the authors analyze bulk RNA-seq data from the STRAP trial (n = 208) to build a machine-learning model for predicting responses to etanercept, tocilizumab and rituximab with AUCs around 0.75 to potentially assist in therapy planning.

The authors show PTEN mutations, which can cause both congenital hydrocephalus and autism spectrum disorder, disrupt CSF homeostasis and brain connectivity in mice. Reducing mTORC1 activation ameliorates ventricular enlargement and neuronal deficits.

Conversion of natural ecosystems to cropland is a threat to most native wildlife. Here the authors quantify the impact of recent cropland expansion on the habitat of representative pollinator, bird, plant species across the conterminous United States, showing diminished crop yield returns at the cost of important habitat losses.

Protection afforded by inorganic minerals is assumed to make mineral-associated organic carbon less susceptible to loss under climate change than particulate organic carbon. However, a global study of soil organic carbon from drylands suggests that this is not the case.

The dayside thermal emission spectrum and brightness temperature map of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained from the NIRISS instrument on the JWST showed water emission features, an atmosphere consistent with solar metallicity, as well as a steep and symmetrical decrease in temperature towards the nightside.

A large-scale, low-loss and phase-stable programmable nanophotonic processor is fabricated to explore quantum transport phenomena. The signature of environment-assisted quantum transport in discrete-time systems is observed for the first time.

Here, the authors provide a critical view of historical approaches to categorize microbial transmission in early life, and present a conceptual framework to capture the multifaceted nature of human microbiome acquisition based on four key components: what, where, who, and when.

Combining the geometry of plate tectonics, and the computational advantage of digital sea-floor topography, provides a new method for locating plumes rising from the Earth's deep mantle and for tracing the history of plate motions.

Using JWST, more than 40 individual stars have been detected in a distant galaxy, dating back to when the Universe was only half of its current age. The stars appear to be red (super)giants that are magnified by factors of hundreds.

NMDARs and MAGUK proteins are capable of forming higher-order protein assemblies, however their organisation in the intact brain is unclear. Here, Frank et al. identify mouse and human supercomplexes and discover their mechanism of assembly using genetic tagging and affinity purification.