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A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Converting plastic waste into single-atom catalysts (SACs) provides both a sustainable approach to waste management and a source of valuable catalytic materials. Here, the authors present a straightforward, scalable method to upcycle plastic waste into diverse porous SACs and showcase their outstanding performance across multiple catalytic reactions.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Regulated degeneration of synergid cells is essential for reproductive success in flowering plants. Here, authors show that the persistent synergid cell secretes autocrine RALF12 signal to trigger intracellular mitochondrial ROS burst and dPCD.

The pulsed electrochemical method, combined with a wood-based electrode, enables the simultaneous reduction of oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide and the regeneration of Fe³⁺ to active Fe²⁺ for radical production. This approach offers a cost-effective and sustainable electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment.

Photonic synthetic dimension (on TFLN chip) attracts broad interest. Here, authors achieve tunable couplings via MZI-linked resonators, and prove its versatility by realizing multiple models including tight-binding lattice, the Hall ladder and Creutz ladder along with their featured phenomena

Radiosensitising agents can enhance radiotherapy and improve outcomes. Here, the authors report on the design of bioinspired Radiosensitising and biocatalytic nanoparticles to increase radiation tiggered cell death and immunogenic response to combat both primary and metastatic tumours.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) face synthesis and structural control challenges. Here a scalable NaCl-template strategy is developed to produce diverse SACs with tailored coordination, enhancing catalytic performance for environmental and energy uses.

Aberrant activation of autoreactive T cells is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Here, by analysing CD4 T cells from patients with polymyositis and mice with experimental autoimmune myositis, the authors show that TIGIT limits the differentiation of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells via a metabolic-epigenetic mechanism, which involves the inhibition of CD28-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR costimulatory signaling.

Sun et al. identify CFAP100 as a vital player in the regulation of epidermal development and function. Mechanistically, CFAP100 recruits the microtubule glutamylase TTLL13 to ensure spindle pole integrity for proper division of keratinocytes.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

Human-machine collaboration in noisy environments using conventional microphones remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an anti-noise triboelectric acoustic sensor integrated with a CNN-based deep learning model to facilitate complex human-machine tasks in highly noisy conditions.

It is generally more difficult to modify the buried interfaces compared to top interfaces in tin-lead perovskite subcells. Here, the authors employ a mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silica layer as a superstructure, realizing maximum efficiency of 29.6% for double-junction tandem solar cells.

The feasibility of satellite-assisted quantum communication is demonstrated by a field test on the ground. To supress noise due to sunlight the wavelength of 1,550 nm is chosen, and spectrum and spatial filtering technology developed.

The exploration of heterogeneous interfaces between metal oxides has received limited attention. Here the authors demonstrated the creation of MnO₂-Mn_xCo_3-xO₄ interfaces through controlled chemical reduction processes, effectively altering electron distribution and yielding a superior catalyst for ethane oxidation.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

Current seasonal flu vaccines hardly protect against emerging H5N1 such as clade 2.3.4.4b circulating in cattle. Here, the authors show that a single intranasal immunization of DelNS1-H5N1 vaccine candidates provides effective protection and sustained immunity against highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses.

Beyond the long-established chemolithoautotrophs, a new study by Shao et al. uncovers heterotrophic denitrifiers as previously concealed contributors to sulfur cycling, with profound implications for greenhouse gas mitigation.

Precious-metal-free catalysts for water oxidation commonly suffer from low stability in acidic electrolytes. Now, by controlling the intergrowth of the γ-MnO₂ structure, it has been possible to achieve 2 A cm⁻² at 2 V and a stability of over 1,000 hours at 200 mA cm⁻² in a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser.

How excitatory neurons (EN) acquire senescence is unclear. Here, the authors show that GDF11 in ENs slows EN senescence, brain ageing, cognitive decline and maintains lifespan, revealing a mechanism underlying EN senescence and brain ageing.

(Hetero)polyaryl amines are extensively prevalent in pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and materials but the intricate and varied nature of their structures severely restricts their synthesis. Here, the authors present a selective multicomponent cycloaromatization of structurally and functionally diverse amine substrates for the general and modular synthesis of (hetero)polyaryl amines through copper(I)-catalysis.

Strain engineering is promising for improving catalytic capability of biocatalysts, but it is challenging to modify the atomic-scale strain for specific enzyme-like reactions. Here, the authors report the biocatalysts with atomically-resolved Pt clusters laminated on PdAu nanocrystals and show that the tensile strains contribute to the enzyme-like activities greater than that of natural enzymes.

Loss of function alleles of two genetically interacting loci mediate both segregation distortion and interspecific hybrid incompatible via epigenetic regulation in rice.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are approved to treat iron deficiency and have been reported to reduce leukaemia in preclinical models. Here, the authors show that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP, but not other types of surface coating, activate the complement alternative pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and adaptive immunity to reduce leukaemia burden in mouse models.

Single-dose antiviral drugs consisting of engineered viral receptor-binding domains display immediate and long-acting effects through dual mechanisms of rapid receptor blockade and adaptive immunity induction.

Despite the considerable potential of single-atom catalysts in water and wastewater treatment, large-scale production is still challenging. A multidimensional coordination approach provides a practical and cost-effective method for the mass production of single-atom catalysts.

Catalytic and enantioselective construction of chiral α,α-dialkyl indoles represents an important yet challenging objective to be developed. Herein the authors describe a cobalt catalyzed enantioselective anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroalkylation via the remote stereocontrol for the synthesis of α,α-dialkyl indoles and other N-heterocycles.

Single-cell analyses in a reporter mouse model and human tissues identify a rare cell subset that produces erythropoietin in vivo, opening potential new avenues for research in erythropoiesis and oxygen homeostasis.

Soil-borne wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) poses a serious threat to global wheat production. Here, the authors report that the nuclear inclusion protease-a produced by WYMV interacts with a small peptide catalyzed by TaRD21A protease activity to mediate WYMV resistance through activating MAPK signaling pathway.

Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) has been described as a cancer-promoting factor and also involved in the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report that ID1-expressing tumor associated macrophages favor colorectal cancer progression by promoting cancer cell stemness and CD8⁺ T cell exclusion.

Jun Wang and colleagues report the genome sequence of the cucumber. The cucumber genome is the seventh plant genome sequence to be reported and was assembled with a combination of traditional Sanger and next-generation sequencing methods.

The efficacy of cancer radio-immunotherapy is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report fusogenic liposomes loaded with Auranofin, a gold containing drug approved for rheumatoid arthritis, multivariate-gated aptamer assemblies and PD-L1 aptamers, as an adjuvant for melanoma-targeted radio-immunotherapy.

Alkyne hydroboration into vinylboronate esters is an important reaction, yet reaching high selectivity of targeted functional groups is challenging. Here, the authors develop dual-site copper clusters to achieve highly selective hydroboration.”

The Drosophila R8 photoreceptor separates signals for image perception and circadian photoentrainment by co-releasing histamine and acetylcholine, and this segregation is further established in the postsynaptic circuitry in the medulla.

Here the authors characterize a monoclonal antibody from a COVID-19 convalescent patient that interferes with SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to ACE2 and has prophylactic and therapeutic activity in non-human primates. Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is prevented by mutating the Fc region of the antibody.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

BAF and PBAF are SWI/SNF family chromatin remodeling complexes that create nucleosome-depleted regions for transcription activation. Here the authors report the structure of a 13-subunit human PBAF in complex with acetylated nucleosome in ADP-BeF₃-bound state that provides structural insights into PBAF-mediated nucleosome association.

Shen et al. show that PTENα/β stability is regulated through a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism mediated by USP9X and FBXW11 to modulate H3K4 trimethylation through WDR5 and promote tumour development.

The role of the tumor microenvironment in immunotherapy response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. Here, single cell RNA and TCR sequencing of samples before and after immunotherapy highlights the role of CD8 T-cell status conversion and exhaustion induced by Macro CD5L+ in treatment response.

The genetic bases of yak adaptations to extreme conditions remains elusive. This study compares yak and cattle at a genomic and transcriptomic level, revealing a new type of endothelial cell and candidate genes related with elastic fiber formation in yak lungs that might contribute to high altitude adaptation.

Macrocyclization is an important process in bioactive natural product synthesis. Here, the authors report on the study of a macrocyclic ring constructing enzyme in the biosynthesis of alchivemycin A and using gene deletion, biochemical assays and isotope labelling show the enzyme catalyses tandem dehydration and Michael-type addition.

Achieving successful in vivo cartilage regeneration remains challenging. Here they present a cell-free, multiple hydrogen-bond crosslinked hydrogel loaded with tannic acid and Kartogenin with ultra-durable mechanical properties and stage-dependent drug release behavior to promote cartilage regeneration.