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Incorporation of the far-red light adaptation of cyanobacteria into crops has been suggested as a potential strategy to increase photosynthesis and yields, but the magnitude of this benefits has not been estimated. Here, via 3D canopy model of soybean, the authors show that it could increase CO₂ assimilation up to 26%.

Extreme sea level rises are a threat to coastal communities, but their cause, in terms of seasonal or interannual time scales, has received little attention. Here, the authors combine observational and model data to show that one such rise in 2009–10 was caused by a 30% downturn in the Atlantic overturning circulation.

Lorentz invariance, tested more than a century ago by Michelson and Morley, is a foundational property of modern physics within the standard model and general relativity. Here, the authors report the most precise terrestrial test to date, bounding the lack of violations of Lorentz symmetry in photons to 10^–18.

Here the authors construct an artificial pathogen cell with tunable rigidity and find crosstalk between these and macrophages. Macrophages probe the artificial pathogen surface, and increasing rigidity of the artificial pathogen promotes proinflammatory polarization of macrophages.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

While most biological and biomimetic mixed-valent [2Fe-2S]⁺ clusters exhibit a S = 1/2 ground spin state, substitutions with Se and Te significantly perturb the electronic structure and yield clear S = 3/2 spin state signatures. Here, the authors probe the vibrational dynamics of the Fe and Te centers using ⁵⁷Fe and ¹²⁵Te nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy and DFT calculations.

A liquid flow can cross a solid wall, at odds with classical hydrodynamics, thanks to couplings between the liquid’s fluctuations and the electronic excitations of the solid inducing a momentum tunnelling.

Several multi-cancer GWAS loci within the region encoding telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) have been identified. Here, the authors explore the locus within TERT intron 4, link it with a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), and investigate its biological significance and role in cancer.

Individuals with symptoms of anxiety and depression exhibit persistent underconfidence. Here, the authors show that distortions in learning from local metacognition can explain how underconfidence is maintained in the face of intact performance.

Dynamic nanodomains in lead halide perovskites, dictated by A-site cations, crucially affect the optoelectronic properties by modulating electronic disorder and consequently enabling better solar cells and optoelectronic devices.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

This study presents a design for fabricating a terahertz chiral photonic-crystal cavity with broken time-reversal symmetry. By combining density functional theory with a microscopic model, the cavity-induced gap in graphene was estimated, showing enhanced light–matter coupling at the Dirac nodes.

Exploiting the polariton-enhanced Purcell effect in tandem organic light-emitting diodes enables deep-blue-emitting devices with an external quantum efficiency of 36.8% and an LT90 lifetime of 830 h at an initial luminance of 500 cd m⁻². These metrics are increased to 56% and 1,800 h with substrate light outcoupling.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Chaotic dynamics can arise in quantum systems as well as classical ones, leading to its own interesting phenomena. Using an all-optical approach, Lemos et al. study the quantum-kicked harmonic oscillator and its nonlinear dynamics, controlling and mapping the transition into quantum chaotic behaviour.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The accretion geometry of X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 is determined here from IXPE observations. X-ray polarization reveals a narrow funnel with reflecting walls, which focuses emission, making Cyg X-3 appear as an ultraluminous X-ray source.

A systematic analysis of 115 mammalian genomes, including 10 new bat genomes, reveals prevalent positive selection in immune genes in bats and shows key adaptations in the antiviral gene ISG15 that aid disease resistance in bats, including to coronaviruses.

Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is associated with neurodevelopmental delay. Here authors report patient-derived organoids with FAT4 and DCHS1 mutations mimic PH features, showing hyperactivity, synaptic changes and cell morphological alterations.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Dietary protein influences metabolic health and ageing. Here Solon-Biet et al. show that, rather than having a direct toxic effect, dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) appear to induce hyperphagia, owing to an imbalance between BCAAs and other amino acids, which reduces lifespan as a consequence of obesity.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

This study used AI to map ~29,000 CDR studies—3–4 times more than expected—showing rapid but uneven growth. The map supports stronger evidence synthesis for climate goals and the IPCC. #CDR

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

The ENIGMA-ORIGINs group presents a large and globally diverse pediatric neuroimaging dataset from birth to age 6. They use this resource to study the effects of sociodemographics and adverse birth outcomes on trajectories of brain volumes and cognition.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.