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Yang et al. show that transcription–replication collisions lead to large tandem duplications, which are frequent in female-enriched, upper gastrointestinal tract and prostate cancers and are associated with poor survival and mutations in specific genes, such as CDK12.

Lenardo and colleagues identify a new human genetic disease, GISELL, whereby ceramide lipid homeostasis is disrupted, thereby altering T cell longevity. Deficiency of GTPase of the immunity-associated protein 5 (GIMAP5) in patients leads to cellular senescence, immunodeficiency and early mortality.

Analysis of policies for promotion criteria to full professor from academic institutions and government agencies worldwide reveals considerable variation in assessment practices, particularly between the Global North and South.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Accurate prediction of the onset of childhood allergy is important to clarify the difference between various respiratory diseases. Here the authors propose that the methylation status of three sites in nasal DNA predicts the onset of childhood allergy which may aid diagnosis and monitoring.

The interaction of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) results in recruitment of proteinacious adapter molecules to the cell membrane. Here Hering and colleagues show that sphinganine recruits adaptor protein MyD88 to TLR4 in the macrophage membrane and the absence of sphinganine in murine models disrupts TLR4 driven inflammation.

Direct interaction between the small GTPase Rab7a and the cation channel TPC2 has been reported but the functional regulation is less clear. Here, the authors show that Rab7a enhances the activity of TPC2 to promote melanoma progression through the GSK3β/β-Catenin/MITF axis.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

An antimatter hypernucleus formed by an anti-lambda hadron, an antiproton and two antineutrons was observed through its two-body decay after production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Non-Abelian topological charges and edge states in a PT-symmetric transmission line network are experimentally observed, and a non-Abelian quotient relation for the bulk–edge correspondence is found.

Biomolecular condensates form via phase separation of multivalent macromolecules. Phase separation is governed by solubility whereas multivalence drives percolation, also known as gelation. The authors in this work identify the distinct energy and length scales that influence phase separation versus percolation.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.

Key mechanistic steps for selective CO₍₂₎ reduction over Cu into hydrocarbon versus oxygenated C₂ products are identified by atomistic and microkinetic modeling. Variations in C and OH binding are found to predict catalytic selectivity of materials.

This study reports training by lipopolysaccharide to expand neutrophils expressing the anti-bacterial galectin-3 protein defending mice from a lethal bacterial infection, a similar signature associated with survivors of respiratory failure in humans.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Metabolic dysregulation in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains to be understood. Here the authors identify that a carnitine synthesis enzyme BBOX1, which inhibits TBK1-mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis, is often lost in ccRCC.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

Electrochemical CO₂ capture is an emerging field in electrical decarbonization but limiting unwanted side reactivity remains a challenge. Here, authors present an electrochemical capture swing that is decoupled from redox carrier generation, enabling CO₂ capture from O₂-containing gas streams.

A survey of T cell repertoire evolution in the tumors, healthy tissue and blood of patients with early-stage untreated lung cancer offers an opportunity to monitor and identify neoantigen-specific T cells for personalized immunotherapy.

The authors provide an experimental demonstration of magnetic field generation in graphene disks via the inverse Faraday effect. When the disks are illuminated with circularly polarized radiation in resonance with the graphene plasmon frequency, the corresponding rotational motion of the charge carriers gives rise to a unipolar magnetic field.

We find that 2D–3D perovskitoid passivation applied to perovskite solar cells impedes cation migration and decreases carrier recombination at the interface, providing enhanced operating stability at elevated temperatures and increased power conversion efficiencies.

Probing spectral properties of complex quantum many-body systems is challenging with existing theoretical and experimental techniques. Here, the authors introduce quantum simulations as a potential alternative to scattering spectroscopy for estimating the spectral features of many-body systems.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

By day 1,041 after explosion, SN Ia-CSM 2018evt had produced an estimated 0.01 solar masses of dust in the cold, dense shell behind the supernova ejecta–circumstellar medium interaction, ranking it as one of the most prolific dust-producing supernovae ever recorded.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in different cell types of the brain. Their joint network function remains unclear due to lack of molecular tools allowing functional dissection targeting a single type of GPCR. Here the authors use optogenetics and show how serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors act across excitatory and inhibitory neurons in mouse visual cortex.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

In a large trial involving 180 classes in different contexts in China, interactions with a chatbot provided to parents increased uptake and appointments for human papillomavirus vaccination, with stronger increases in rural areas.

The use of rigid linkers to control the relative position and interaction of donor and acceptor units in exciplex emitters leads to the realization of organic light-emitting devices with enhanced external quantum efficiency.

Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features is needed to understand the transition of kidney cells from health to injury. Here, the authors integrate dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury cell states, identifying a transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 which regulates adaptive repair and maladaptive failed repair.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Regulatory T (T_reg) cells are functionally heterogeneous, yet how each T_reg cell subset exerts its suppressor function remains unresolved. Lin et al. identify IL-27 as a key T_reg cell effector molecule selectively required for gut T_H17 cell regulation.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

An analysis of sera samples collected between January and July of 2022 in Hong Kong shows that the effectiveness of both the BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant infection waned rapidly after the third and fourth doses.

Peripheral and central circuit adaptations can be flexibly coordinated in Drosophila, and such a modular circuit organization may facilitate the evolution of mate recognition systems by allowing novel sensory modalities to become linked to male arousal.

An inhibitor of NAPE-PLD involved in lipid biosynthesis lowers levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines in cells and mouse brain and activates the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and impaired fear extinction.

Discovery of macrocyclic ligands to the 19S regulatory particle protein PSMD2 enables the synthesis of heterobifunctional molecules that demonstrate proof-of-concept, targeted degradation of BRD4 through direct engagement of the 26S proteasome.

Rechargeable aqueous batteries are attractive owing to their relatively low cost and safety. Here the authors report an aqueous zinc/manganese oxide battery that operates via a conversion reaction mechanism and exhibits a long-term cycling stability.