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Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

Microtubules are built from GDP-tubulin lattices with small GTP caps at their plus-ends. Here, the authors reveal that microtubules that attach to kinetochores in mitosis contain, in addition to the GTP-cap and the GDP-lattices, a dynamic micron-sized mixed-nucleotide zone.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Antiferromagnets exhibit high frequency magnons, in the THz regime, a point potentially useful for applications, however, it has meant that detecting spin-fluctuations in antiferromagnets is typically too fast for current experimental approaches. Here Weiss et al use femtosecond noise correlation spectroscopy to observe magnon fluctuations in Sm0.7Er0.3FeO3.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Plasma turbulence is the main driver to deteriorate the performance of fusion power plants. This work presents an unprecedented comparison of plasma turbulence between experiment and simulation, proving that the gyrokinetic model GENE reached a high level of maturity to predict core turbulence.

Edge-localized plasma modes in a tokamak can damage its innermost wall. Simulations now show that fast ions can modify the spatio-temporal structure of these modes. These effects need to be considered in the optimization of control techniques.

Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.

Ultrafast electron diffraction is used here to reveal in nickel an almost instantaneous, long-lasting population of anisotropic phonons with angular momentum.

Climate impacts on biodiversity are usually assessed at the morphospecies level. An analysis of the distribution and mitochondrial DNA variability of nine montane aquatic insect species in Europe suggests range contractions will be accompanied by severe loss of genetic diversity. These results imply that morphospecies-scale assessments may greatly underestimate potential biodiversity losses from climate change.

The suppression of edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas is crucial to prevent them from damaging the walls of the chamber. Now experiments confirm the role that magnetic islands play in suppressing these detrimental modes.

The spectroscopic and photometric observations of a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter, TIC 241249530 b, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.94, provide evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed by means of a high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway.

This international Consensus Statement provides guidelines on the management of pituitary incidentalomas.

Due the strength of the intra-atomic exchange interaction, it is generally assumed that alignment of spin moments in intra-atomic orbitals is quasi-instantaneous. Here, the authors demonstrate the breakdown of this relation between the 4f and 5d electrons in gadolinium following ultrashort optical excitation.

Elisabeth Mangold and colleagues report a genome-wide meta-analyses of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). They report six new genetic loci associated with risk for NSCL/P.

Simultaneous activation of Wnt and Shh pathways in murine neural precursor cells results in the formation of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) that recapitulate the histological and molecular features of human tumors. This novel mouse model represents a platform for evaluating therapeutic approaches for this rare malignant pediatric brain tumor, and provides novel insights into the cell of origin and molecular mechanisms driving the disease.

Power exhaust is one of the biggest challenges stopping fusion energy. This article shows experimental evidence for strategically shaping the power exhaust region as a solution to this challenge, utilising physics understanding to strike a balance between engineering complexity and power exhaust benefits, consistent with reduced models and simulations.

Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins have been implicated in neurodevelopmental processes. Here, the authors identify missense variants in CHD3 that disturb its chromatin remodeling activities and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with macrocephaly and speech and language impairment.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Experiments at the Joint European Torus tokamak show improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of highly energetic ions and Alfvénic instabilities in the plasma.

Seiji Kojima and colleagues report whole-exome sequencing of 13 juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias. They identify RAS pathway mutations in 82 of the 92 total cases analyzed and mutations in SETBP1 or JAK3 in 16 cases.

Ire1 is an effector of the unfolded protein response that is activated upon stress to maintain protein homeostasis. Here, Prischi et al. demonstrate that phosphorylation of Ire1 within its kinase activation loop increases its RNAse activity, thus identifying a regulatory cross-talk between the two domains.

Reconstitution experiments show that ER Hsp70 BiP can switch its activity from chaperone to ER stress sensor via interaction with UPR proteins IRE1 and PERK.

Zajac et al. show that in colorectal cancer, decreased TGF-β signalling promotes apical actomyosin contractility and collective apical budding of invading tumour spheres with inverted polarity that drive metastatic spread.

The origins of the superior catalytic activity of poorly crystallized Ir-based oxide material for the OER in acid is still under debate. Here, authors synthesize porous IrMo oxides to deconvolute the effect of Ir oxidation state from short-range ordering and show the latter to be a key factor.

Designing synthetic molecular receptors that can differentiate between specific monosaccharide guests is very challenging. Now, a helically folded oligoamide that selectively encapsulates fructose has been designed using an iterative approach that exploits the modular structure of folded synthetic oligomer sequences, in conjunction with molecular modelling and structural characterization.