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Realizing >5 V batteries is hindered by the instability of electrolytes. Here, a fluoride shielding layer, LiCl-4Li₂TiF₆, enables high-voltage, high-capacity all-solid-state batteries because of its combined oxidative stability and Li⁺ conductivity.

Japonica subspecies has a lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of indica rice. Here, the authors show that natural variations in the NIN-like protein 4 (OsNLP4) encoding gene are responsible for the divergence and introgression of the indica OsNLP4 allele into elite japonica cultivar can increase NUE and grain yield.

Traditional theory favors positively charged membranes for Li+ /Mg2+ separation, but practical use prefers negatively charged ones. The authors uncover a counter-ion competition mechanism in negatively charged nanofiltration membranes, achieving high Mg2+ rejection and exceptional Li+ permeability.

The inclusion of a Mg–Bi-based interlayer between the lithium metal and solid electrolyte and a F-rich interlayer on the cathode improves the stability and performance of solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

Lo and colleagues report that double-positive thymocytes from neonates express less Zap70 and show reduced Ca^2⁺/NFAT signaling compared to double-positive thymocytes from older thymi. This diminished Ca^2⁺ signaling alters negative selection for self-reactive TCRs, resulting in a cell-intrinsic temporal window for regulatory T versus conventional T cell development in the thymus.

Mutation of conserved prolines enhances correct pairing of light and heavy chains for bispecific IgG-like antibody production.

Tailored non-aqueous electrolyte solutions are formulated using data obtained from extensive analytical measurements and analyses. These optimized electrolytes improve the cycling performance of single-layer stack lithium metal pouch cells, particularly in lean electrolyte conditions.

Cells decode temporal patterns into gene expression states through amplitude and frequency modulation. Now it is shown that frequency modulation increases information entropy compared with amplitude modulation alone.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition leading to extreme muscle weakness due to autoantibodies targeting the neuromuscular junctions. Here authors assign a critical role for platelets in amplifying the pro-inflammatory response in AChR+ immunotherapy-naïve MG (nMG) patients and thus contributing to disease pathology.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. This study shows that prolonged glucagon exacerbates lipid accumulation, promoting renal injury in early DKD, rather than lipid oxidation. Targeting glucagon signaling significantly inhibits DKD progression.

Polymer dielectrics are key for capacitors in energy applications but are hard to improve for high temperatures. This work uses artificial intelligence to design fillers with a large bandgap and high affinity, enabling durable, high-energy polyimide composites for harsh environments.

N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is an N⁴‐acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) writer, which catalyzes RNA acetylation at cytidine N⁴ position on RNAs. Here, the authors show that NAT10 catalyzes ac⁴C addition to a long non-coding RNA encoded by the oncogenic DNA virus Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), triggering viral lytic reactivation from latency, which promotes NAT10 recruitment of IFI16 mRNA, resulting in inflammasome activation.

An emerging approach to improve ionic transport in solids is the selective excitation of atomic vibrations. Here, authors show resonant mid-infrared light excites O-H vibration in doped barium zirconate, enhancing proton conductivity by 36–53%.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

Literature mining, such as systematic review and meta-analysis, is crucial for discovering, integrating, and interpreting emerging research. This study presents a specialized large language model for literature that outperforms six general LLMs and helps clinicians in study selection and data extraction tasks.

Spiral spin liquids emerge from cooperative fluctuations among degenerate spiral states. Here, Zhao et al uncover itinerant and topological low-energy spin excitations intrinsic to the spiral spin-liquid candidate material GdZnPO.

Solid-state electrolyte reduction and Li dendrite growth limit the stability of all-solid-state Li metal batteries. Here the authors show that reductive electrophiles gain electrons and metal cations from metal–nucleophile materials on contact, allowing the electrochemical formation of a dense, electron-blocking film that improves the stability of both the anode and high-voltage cathode.

The design of inorganic-organic hybrid solid-state electrolytes is expected to merge the merits of both inorganic and organic material. Here, the authors craft Li-ion-implanted copper maleate hydrate nanoflakes via a bottom-up self-assembly approach to reveal superior room-temperature Li-ion conductivity.

Wan et al. report a T-shaped PbSe photothermoelectric detector in which spatial confinement induced local phonon scattering suppresses the hot carrier relaxation, leading to an external quantum efficiency over unity. Focal plane array with 32x32 pixels is fabricated with a non-uniformity of 5.6E-6%.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

A general two-step intercalation and cation-exchange strategy is used to produce a library of highly ordered magnetic intercalation superlattices with tunable chemical modulations and magnetic ordering.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

The critical current density is generally used to evaluate dendrite-suppression capability in batteries. Here the authors propose a critical interphase overpotential descriptor for dendrite suppression and demonstrate high-performance solid-state battery design with the new descriptor.

The tumour microenvironment often suppresses immune cell function and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are involved in the process. Here authors show in human tumours and in mouse models that AEBP1 is highly expressed in CAFs, and via autocrine stimulation of its receptor CKAP4, it induces the upregulation of PD-L1, which inhibits the anti-tumor T cell response.

All-solid-state lithium-metal batteries are at the forefront of battery research and development. Here C. Wang and colleagues have developed an interlayer design strategy to address issues associated with lithium dendrite growth and interface resistance, resulting in substantial improvements in battery performance.

An electrostatic-repulsion-enabled advanced transfer technique based on ammonia solution is introduced for separating van der Waals thin-film materials from their substrates, demonstrating suitability for its use in the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry.

Dense-core granules (DCG) store insulin in pancreatic β cells. Here the authors show that crinosome, formed by fusing lysosome and DCGs, are pathogenic in mouse models of type 1 diabetes by diversifying local insulin epitopes beyond those tolerizing ones expressed in the thymus, thereby inducing autoreactive CD4 T cells for β cell death and insulin deficiency.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Wan, J. Shi, M. Shi, Huang et al. report a role for lactate dehydrogenase B in regulating CD8⁺ T cell disulfidptosis and exhaustion through the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, thereby impacting the efficacy of antitumour immunity.

A nanoporous polyimide film filled with a solid polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength. An all-solid-state battery made with an approximately 10-μm-thick film shows good cyclability at 60 °C and no dendrite formation.

Hair cell loss is a major cause of deafness. Here the authors reveal that enhancing Jagged1-Notch signaling in supporting cells boosts their ability to form hair cells in pre-hearing mice, identifying Jagged1 as a target for future restoration therapies.

In a small trial of patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis, treatment with allogeneic T cells with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor inserted into the T cell receptor locus and deletion of the PD-1 (PDCD1) gene were safe and associated with reduced disease activity.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Compositional tuning is a standard procedure to improve the ionic conductivity of inorganic superionic conductors. Here, the authors report (electro)chemical stable composite halide solid electrolytes applying a nanostructure approach that promotes interfacial superionic conductivity.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

Metal-tip-based electron sources are constrained by a trade-off between energy spread and pulse width. Here the authors report a carbon-nanotube-based electron source with a 0.3-eV energy spread and an electron pulse width of about 13 fs.

A new type of Fe/N–C catalyst composed of numerous nanoprotrusions dispersed on two-dimensional carbon layers with inner-embedded single Fe-atom sites has been developed that delivers a high-performance platinum group metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.

An electrolyte design strategy based on a group of soft solvents is used to achieve lithium-ion batteries that operate safely under extreme conditions without lithium plating and with the capability of fast charging.

This work presents MAPIT-seq, an antibody-guided RNA editing method that enables co-profiling of RBP-RNA interactions and gene expression at single-cell resolution and in tissue contexts.

We investigate the mechanism underlying the sulfur reduction reaction that plays a central role in high-capacity lithium sulfur batteries, highlighting the electrocatalytic approach as a promising strategy for tackling the fundamental challenges associated with these batteries.

X. Du, W. Li, G. Li, C. Guo et al. report that dietary galactose regulates the cellular crosstalk between hepatocytes and CD8⁺ T cells via IGFBP-1 production and IGF-1 signalling, thereby modulating T cell exhaustion and antitumour immunity.

Sluggish lithium diffusion on the surface of Li metal anodes poses a fundamental challenge. Here the authors report a Li/Li₂₂Sn₅ alloy design to address this issue. The composite anode sustains stable Li stripping/plating cycling with a low overpotential of 20 mV under 30 mA cm⁻² in a commercial carbonate electrolyte.

Current battery recycling processes face sustainability challenges. Using gas evolution in water electrolysis, this work realizes fast separation of active electrode materials from current collectors before their dry refabrication for electrodes without compromising performance.

The formation of 2D perovskites in inorganic perovskite solar cells is hindered by the strong binding affinity of caesium ions. Liu et al. engineer the functional groups of a large organic cation to facilitate its exchange with caesium ions and form a stable 2D perovskite.

Batteries with solid polymer electrolytes face challenges in electrochemical stability and compatibility with high-voltage cathodes. Chunsheng Wang and colleagues have developed a polymer blend with a high Li salt concentration that enhances the stability of solid polymer electrolytes and achieves promising electrochemical performance in full-cell applications.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can provide critical information for diagnostics, but analysis can be difficult. Here, the authors develop a super-resolution imaging method that combines rolling circle amplification with expansion microscopy to reveal surface/internal markers in single EVs for cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy prediction.

The chemoselective hydrogenation of molecules containing multiple reducible groups using molecular hydrogen presents inherent challenges. Here, the authors synthesize a homoleptic gold nanocluster that demonstrates exceptional catalytic selectivity, activity, and yield for the hydrogenation of 4-nitroacetophenone in water under mild conditions.