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Experiments at the Joint European Torus tokamak show improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of highly energetic ions and Alfvénic instabilities in the plasma.

Unraveling the structural origin of liquid anomalies remains a challenging topic. Xu et al. propose a folded-network structural model for molten tin and provide insights into the observed second-order-like structural transition.

The m6A binding protein YTHDF1 is frequently upregulated in cancer. Here the authors report that USP5 deubiquitinates and stabilizes YTHDF1, associated with cancer growth and immune evasion, and that targeting USP5 potentiates response to anti-PD-L1 in preclinical models.

PRS-CSx is a polygenic risk score construction method that improves cross-population polygenic prediction by integrating GWAS summary statistics from multiple populations.

We describe globally frustrated matter as deformations of non-orientable surfaces, with the concept of non-orientable order we demonstrate topologically protected mechanical memories, suggesting a design principle for effectively storing information in frustrated metamaterials.

The nonlinear Hall effect is a quantum phenomenon, in which two perpendicular currents induce a Hall voltage; however, previous theories for this effect has remained at the semi classical level. Here, the authors develop a full quantum theory of the nonlinear Hall effect by using the diagrammatic technique.

A major challenge in magnon based approaches to information processing lies in developing valves to allow or supress the magnon signal. Here, Chen et al demonstrate a van der Waals magnet based magnon valve which can be tuned electrically over an exceptionally wide range.

Evidence of quantum phase transitions is normally difficult to be detected. Here, Liu and Wang et al. report divergent critical exponent in ultrathin Pb films with superconducting fluctuations and spin-orbit interaction, indicating an anomalous quantum Griffiths singularity of superconductor-metal transition.

Accurate liquid water modelling is challenging. Here the authors use X-ray micro-computed tomography, deep learned super-resolution, multi-label segmentation, and direct multiphase simulation to simulate fuel cell and guide fuel cell design.

An antimatter hypernucleus formed by an anti-lambda hadron, an antiproton and two antineutrons was observed through its two-body decay after production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

We find that 2D–3D perovskitoid passivation applied to perovskite solar cells impedes cation migration and decreases carrier recombination at the interface, providing enhanced operating stability at elevated temperatures and increased power conversion efficiencies.

A 10-Earth-mass planet is detected in the habitable zone of the solar-type star Kepler-725 using the transit timing variation technique. This study proposes a complementary pathway to probe low-mass exoplanets (including Earth-like planets) in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars.

SUMOylation plays a key role in modulating protein function. Here, the authors uncover a form of SUMOylation, termed N-αSUMOylation, where SUMO1 attaches to the N-terminus of cofilin1. This SUMOylation promotes cofilin-1 binding to F-actin and cofilin-induced actin depolymerization.

Power exhaust is one of the biggest challenges stopping fusion energy. This article shows experimental evidence for strategically shaping the power exhaust region as a solution to this challenge, utilising physics understanding to strike a balance between engineering complexity and power exhaust benefits, consistent with reduced models and simulations.

Observation of charge order in the overdoped (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂CuO_6+δ superconductor using resonant X-ray scattering and angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, over a wide temperature range.

Solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction has witnessed a renaissance in the past decades, but the system suffers from low reaction rates. Here the authors develop a copper/tin-oxide electrocatalyst, achieving a new benchmark solar-to-CO energy conversion efficiency in a flow electrolyzer.

Cell migration regulates diverse (patho)physiological processes, including cancer metastasis. Here the authors show that the chloride ion channel SWELL1 and the ion exchanger NHE1 are preferentially enriched at the trailing and leading edges, respectively, of migrating cells and regulate cell volume to propel confined cells, favouring breast cancer cell extravasation and metastasis.

Under conditions of Earth’s deep lower mantle, hydrogen ions diffuse freely through the FeOOH lattice framework and electrical conductivity increases rapidly, according to electrical conductivity experiments and first-principles simulations.

The binding of small molecules to the double stranded DNA may significantly alter its stability and functionality, which is the basis for many therapeutic and sensing applications. Here, the authors report that DNA binders can be used to program reaction pathways of a dynamic DNA reaction, where DNA strand displacement can be tuned quantitatively according to the affinity, charge, and concentrations of a given DNA binder.

Here, the authors report photon-energy-dependent terahertz emission and ultrafast photocurrents from the Weyl semimetal, TaAs. The polarization control of the emission is achieved by excitation of the photocurrents whose direction and magnitude depend on the polarization of the femtosecond optical pulses.

Recent studies have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular actors that regulate X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals. A complex interplay ofcis- and trans-regulatory mechanisms ensures the differential activities of the two X chromosomes during female development.

Quark–antiquark annihilation measurements provide a precise determination of the ratio of down and up antiquarks within protons as a function of momentum, which confirms the asymmetry between the abundance of down and up antiquarks.

The interplay between magnetism and charge density wave in the kagome magnet FeGe is under debate. By using elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles calculations, Miao et al. propose that the charge density wave is stabilized by spin-phonon coupling.

An emergent constraint combining biosphere models and carbon budget estimates suggests that the increase in the global terrestrial carbon sink is caused largely by a CO₂-induced increase in photosynthesis.

Designing an efficient electrocatalyst of hydrogen oxidation reaction is highly critical for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here the authors report implanting oxophilic metal atoms in PtRu nanowires to significantly improve the mass activity, stability, and resistance to CO-poisoning for hydrogen oxidation.

Analysis of copy number alterations in 1,451 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and matched patient tumor samples shows strong conservation from patient tumors through late-passage PDXs and a lack of systematic copy number evolution driven by the mouse host.

The high cost and low abundance of noble metals largely restrict practical applications for electrochemical hydrogen production. Here, the authors prepare ultrasmall tungsten nanoparticles on metallic tungsten dioxide nanorods and demonstrate excellent activities for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

This paper shows that nano-enabled dehydrogenation catalysis in biological systems induces a domino effect, including reductive stress, immunosuppression and tumour metastasis.

Blue light-emitting diodes based on perovskite nanostructures embedded within quasi-two-dimensional phases show highly effective charge injection and suppressed non-radiative recombination.

A micronuclear battery is built based on an autoluminescent americium–terbium compound that couples radioisotopes with energy transducers at the molecular level, resulting in an 8,000-fold enhancement in energy conversion efficiency.

Converting somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells is becoming routine, but how much do we know about the mechanism of reprogramming? This Review discusses the epigenetic and transcriptional changes that occur and experimental strategies to probe this cell-fate switch.

As a blueprint for high-precision quantum simulation, an 18-qubit algorithm that consists of more than 1,400 two-qubit gates is demonstrated, and reconstructs the energy eigenvalues of the simulated one-dimensional wire to a precision of 1 per cent.

Flexible rotation of spontaneous polarization at ferroelectric domain walls is predicted in theory but lacks evidence from experiment. Here, Wei et al. image a Néel-like domain wall in Ti-rich ferroelectric Pb(Zr_1−xTi_x)O₃crystals, providing insight in exploring chiral domain walls in ferroelectrics.

Understanding who is being left behind, where and how is crucial to advancing the United Nations’ commitment to ‘leaving no one behind’. This study maps urban slums and wealth distribution across 32 sub-Saharan African countries, revealing a decreasing proportion of the population living in slums, yet a concerning rise in wealth inequality.

This work shows that by designing appropriate alloying elements in a body-centred-cubic high-entropy alloy, local chemical order and lattice distortion can be tuned, which influences the evolution of planar-slip bands, realizing pure-metal-like tensile ductility at gigapascal yield strength.

A computationally efficient description of ice-water systems at the mesoscopic scale is challenging due to system size and timescale limitations. Here the authors develop a machine-learned coarse-grained water model to elucidate the ice nucleation process much more efficiently than previous models.

Colossal barocaloric effects with high entropy changes is reported in plastic crystal neopentylglycol, while microscopic mechanism needs to be further explored. Here, the authors show hydrogen bond related reorientational dynamics of neopentylglycol and provide insights in order-disorder transition.

Skyrmions are topological non-trivial vortex-like magnetic structures with potential applications in memory and logic devices. Here, the authors theoretically investigate the link between skyrmions and stripy magnetic textures, which occur in the vicinity of skyrmion crystals, demonstrating the latter is potentially a type of irregular skyrmion.

The authors demonstrate ultrafast symmetry breaking by optically driven photocurrents.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Here, Shao et. al attribute the reduction in bone mechano-responsiveness seen in type 2 diabetes to abnormal osteocytic calcium dynamics. They identify reduced SERCA2 pump activity as a mediator of this process and show that rescuing SERCA2 significantly improves bone mechanical adaptation in this context.

Blood coagulation is started by contact to surfaces and this is the principle for a commonly used diagnostic clotting test, aPTT. Here, the authors identify the structure in coagulation factor XII that initiates surface-driven coagulation and use the information to develop improved aPTT assays.

Though octave soliton microcombs are attractive for on-chip metrology and optical clocks, limitations in existing materials lead to increased chip integration complexity. Here, the authors report access to octave soliton microcombs and self-referencing using aluminium nitride nanophotonic chips.

Twisted bilayers of 2D semiconductors are being intensively investigated due to their emergent physical properties, but their controlled bottom-up synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report a confined-space chemical vapour deposition strategy to synthesize MoS₂ bilayers with twist angles ranging from 0° to 120°.