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The authors examine the effects of antidiabetic medication on the gut microbiome and bile acid composition and show that these data can be used to stratify treatment regimens for type 2 diabetes.

Nanotwinned ceramic chromium nitride (NT-CrN) is prepared by precisely controlling the deposition ion energy, which demonstrates high hardness (>36 GPa) with room-temperature compressive plasticity exceeding 40% without brittle fracture.

Drivers of viral evolution in SARS-CoV-2 are insufficiently understood. In this study, the authors show how a key SARS-CoV-2 mutation, NSP4 T492I, is potentially responsible for accelerating genome evolution to develop adaptive variants (e.g. Omicron).

Proton transfer plays a key role in nature, yet its ultrafast dynamics remain elusive. Here the authors use coincidence spectroscopy and theoretical simulations to show that radiolytic doubly-ionized pyrrole triggers proton transfer to water within 60 fs.

The authors fabricate graphene barrier films with low transmission (5·10⁻⁵g·m⁻²·d⁻¹) using reactive ion etching and oxygen plasma treatment, highlighting the importance of surface modification and intercalation in enhancing barrier performance.

The authors make a terahertz device utilizing collective electronic states in 1T-TaS₂ that achieves reconfigurable logic operations through dynamic charge-density-wave phase manipulation. The device shows exceptional performance metrics and enables secure multicolor recognition for next-generation encrypted communications.

The addition of squaraine dye to a polymer bulk heterojunction solar cell is shown to enhance light harvesting and cell efficiency through Förster resonance energy transfer.

Here, the authors identify a copy number variation containing three enhancers (PIHEC) that drives bilateral constricted ear by co-ordinately regulating HMX1 expression, revealing how aberrant Hmx1 expression in neural crest-derived fibroblasts disrupts outer ear development.

The immune-checkpoint molecule TIM-3 regulates microglial homeostasis, and its microglial-specific deletion reduced cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting rice growth and development. Here, the authors identify a dsRNA-binding protein positively regulates rice drought resistance through promoting stability of OsNCED4 mRNAs, transcript of a key gene for the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, via protein phase separation.

Here the authors study diet-induced weight gain/loss to identify chromatin architectures in adipose tissue (AT) associated obesity in a pig model. They found parallels and species-specific regulatory elements in humans and pigs that underpin AT specialization.

This study reveals that the interaction between antiferromagnetic magnetic moments and electron spin causes disordered carriers to hop between localized states, resulting in a nonlinear increase in the terahertz responsivity as temperature decreases.

Uncovering the mechanism behind neutral H₂ formation from ionised hydrocarbon molecules still poses severe challenges. Here, based on the orbital fingerprints in the photoelectron momentum distributions, the authors were able to resolve the contributions of the ground and excited ionic states to the H₂ formation channel.

NAL1 is a breeding-valuable pleiotropic gene in rice. This study identifies NAL1 as a bona fide serine protease which degrades OsTPR2, thus modulating the expression of downstream genes related to hormone signalling pathways, eventually achieving its pleiotropic physiological functions.

Ion transport through nano channels can exhibit intriguing non-linear behaviour. Here, Chen et al. fabricate a hierarchical system of sandwiched carbon membranes of wide and narrow pores with substantial enhancement in rectification ratio of the ionic current, adjustable by optical triggers.

Composition of gut bacteria and serum metabolites in young, obese individuals is partially restored following weight loss surgery, including Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which decreases serum glutamate levels and fat mass gain in mice.

The mechanism of rice adaptation to drought and heat is unclear. Here the authors report ONAC023 as a hub regulator of drought and heat tolerance, offering valuable insights into the multi-layered regulatory mechanisms in multi-stress responses.

The gut and oral microbiomes are altered in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, and these changes can be used to stratify individuals for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

This study demonstrates the Coulomb focusing in nonadiabatic tunneling ionization inducing the convergence of electrons emitted at different initial ionization times to the same emission angle, thereby breaking the one‐to-one correspondence—one of the fundamental assumption in attosecond angular streaking.

Sequencing of haploid sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, allows assembly of a prototypical version of the sugarcane chromosome set. This new reference genome will serve as a resource to accelerate sugarcane improvement.

Capturing the detailed structural evolution of electronic excited states is a challenging but critical step to understand and control ultrafast molecular dynamics. Here, combining a Coulomb explosion imaging approach and molecular dynamics simulations, the authors retrieve the transient geometry of the ground and excited states of D2O mono- and dication with few femtosecond, few picometre accuracy.

Genome assemblies for the SunUp transgenic papaya and its progenitor Sunset identify three transgene-insertions in SunUp. Resequencing of 86 papaya genomes highlights the impacts of breeding and geographic origin.

Biological light-driven ion pumps move ions against a concentration gradient to create a membrane potential, converting sunlight into an osmotic potential. Here, the authors make an artificial ion pump which drives ions thermodynamically uphill against a large concentration gradient upon illumination, which can be used for harvesting solar energy.

In rice, nitrate perception by NRT1.1B activates genetic responses that increase the utilization of not only nitrate but also phosphate. A novel molecular mechanism centred on the presumed Pi sensor SPX4 underlies this nutritional signalling crosstalk.

Autologous tumor cell vaccines can elicit anti-tumor immune responses. Here, the authors report the design of dendritic polymer-based nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor apatinib that can induce immunogenic cell death and the in situ production of immuno-stimulatory micrometer-sized vesicles, promoting anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical models.

Haplotype-resolved genome assembly of an Oolong tea cultivar Tieguanyin and population genomic analyses of 190 Camellia accessions provide insights into the evolutionary history of the tea plant Camellia sinensis.

An allosteric activator of Hsp70 mimics Hip and reduces neurotoxicity in a model for spinobulbar muscular atrophy by promoting ubiquitination and degradation of oligomeric polyglutamine-containing clients.

Ultrafast spectroscopy allows for the real-time observation of molecular processes and enables a better understanding of the electron dynamics and nuclear evolution that occur during a chemical reaction. Here, the authors study, experimentally and theoretically, the electron localization that occurs on a femtosecond timescale during the dissociation of N₂O.