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Chromosome-level genome assemblies of migratory and desert locusts, coupled with epigenomic profiling of migratory locusts, reveal chromatin dynamics underlying polyphenism and X-linked dosage compensation following autosomal gene translocation.

Redox mediators catalyse the otherwise slow and energy-inefficient cycling of Li–S and Li–O₂ batteries. An investigation of the kinetics of mediated Li₂S and Li₂O₂ oxidations when the redox potentials of various mediators are tuned reveals threshold potentials for high reaction rates, which can be optimized in multiple ways.

The persistence of myofibroblasts after wound healing is ultimately responsible for scarring. Here, the authors show that fibromodulin enhances interleukin 1β ternary complex formation, promoting myofibroblast apoptosis and providing a potential strategy to mitigate scarring.

PARP inhibitors are effective in cancer patients with BRCA1 mutations but whether this can extend to BRCA1 wildtype patients by targeting BRCA1 transcriptional regulation is unclear. Here, in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, the authors identify OFD1 as a transcriptional regulator of BRCA1 via the DREAM complex and as a potential therapeutic target in combination with PARP inhibition.

Ultrawideband beamforming is essential for next generation radar and communication. Here, authors demonstrate a photonic beamforming approach using frequency combs that enables beamforming and continuous beam-steering of LFM waveforms, supporting high-performance integrated sensing and communication.

The first outbreaks of mpox outside Africa in 2022 were caused by clade II but cases of a new clade Ib have been increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo and neighbouring countries since 2024. Here, the authors describe a case report and public health investigation of the first detected case of mpox clade Ib in China.

To push the boundary of sol-gel chemistry towards high quality organic membrane construction is challenging. Here, the authors show a controlled nanocrystal suturing strategy in sol-gel solutions to afford highly crystalline and free-standing covalent organic framework membranes.

Linkers are traditionally seen as important for PROTAC activity. Here, the authors demonstrate that linker-free PROTACs can outperform traditional designs, marking a paradigm shift in PROTAC development for targeted protein degradation.

Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.

Obstructive sleep apnea can be ameliorated through accurate detection and localization of airway obstructions. Here, the authors present a flexible, catheter-based pressure sensor array that enables continuous high-sensitivity upper airway pressure assessment and obstructions localization.

Base-induced elimination (E2) and bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) are of significant importance in physical organic chemistry. Here, the authors show that the competing factor of E2 as opposed to steric hindrance determines the low reactivity of SN2 in the F⁻ + (CH₃)₃CI reaction.

An organic regulator that can tune the crystallization sequence of active layer components has been described, achieving a certified efficiency of over 20% in single-junction organic solar cells, demonstrating remarkable tolerance for active layer thickness of 100–400 nm.

International trade links regions of production and consumption. Analyses with a multiregional input–output model based on trade data reveal that much of East Asia’s aerosol radiative forcing is tied to consumption in developed countries.

The mechanism of proanthocyanidin (PA) polymerization has been debated for decades. Here the authors propose a role for a miRNA and a Laccase in PA polymerization in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

A structural analysis focusing on plant immunity reveals how LRR-containing receptor-like proteins recognize pathogenic ligands and consequently become activated, with the data suggesting that these proteins target pathogens through two different mechanisms.

Conventional CRISPR-based approaches to monitor genomic loci can be hampered by high background and nonspecific nucleolar signal. Here, the authors propose a fluorogenic CRISPR (fCRISPR) tool that allows for high-contrast and sensitive imaging of genomic DNA.

The reaction between Criegee intermediates and water vapour greatly impacts atmospheric chemistry and climate, yet its dynamics remain poorly understood. Now it has been shown that syn-CH₃CHOO reacts with water vapour at rates much higher than previously estimated, through a roaming mechanism that enhances reactivity and challenges conventional understanding of atmospheric OH radical production.

The escalating plastic waste crisis stems from limitations in conventional recycling methods, which are energy intensive and produce lower-quality materials, leaving a substantial portion unrecycled. Here, the authors report an organo-photocatalytic upcycling method employing an easily accessible phenothiazine derivative to selectively deconstruct a wide array of commodity polymers.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are clinically heterogeneous, with varying degrees of aggressiveness. Here, the authors describe the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of 117 GISTs from 105 patients; they find four molecular subtypes as well as recurrent inactivating YLPM1 mutations in high-risk/metastatic GIST.

The potassium channel KCNQ2 can be activated by analgesics and antiepileptic drugs via an unclear mechanism. Here authors report structures of KCNQ2-CaM in complex with cannabidiol, PIP2, and HN37 and elucidate the mechanisms of activation.

The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a gland in the brain, and relatively little is known about its function. Zhang et al. genetically ablated SCO cells and observed severe hydrocephalus and neuronal defects. The reintroduction of SCO-derived peptides into SCO-ablated brain substantially rescued developmental defects.

Treating osteoarthritis associated pain is challenging. Here, the authors on a hydrogel for extracellular RNA scavenging and releasing bevacizumab to block angiogenesis and neurogenesis at the osteochondral interface, mitigating pain and disease progression.

Faecal microbiome transplant has been shown to be able to reduce Clostridioides difficile infection. Here the authors show that an intestinal commensal protozoan reduces C. difficile infection by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and affecting arginine-ornithine metabolism.

To elucidate the relationship between sociality and longevity, the authors perform phylogenetic and transcriptomic comparative analysis of mammals. They find that group-living species lived longer than solitary species and identify 31 genes, hormones, and immunity-related pathways involved in this connection.

Epigenetic reprogramming involves global loss of DNA methylation, but how this is regulated is not completely understood. Here, Tan et al. run a reverse genetic screen and report that nuclear DNMT1 is finetuned by maternal factor Pramel15 through proteasomal degradation in mouse zygotes.

Silencers play a critical role in gene transcription regulation. Here, the authors developed the Ss-STARR-seq technique to identify tens of thousands of silencers in human cells. These silencers possess unique epigenetic features and are capable of influencing cellular phenotypes.

Naive T cells are quiescent but undergo dynamic changes upon antigenic activation. Li and colleagues show that upregulation of tRNA methyltransferase complex TRMT61A–TRMT6 and N¹-methyladenosine modification of tRNAs contribute to accelerated mRNA translation efficiency, in particular that of MYC protein, and are required for rapid T cell proliferation.

Actin mediates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through remodeling. Here, authors report the in situ structure of actin remodeling and quantify changes in architecture, alignment, and interactions during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

The application of dietary methionine intervention is of particular interest in the field of cancer therapy. Here the authors show that intermittent but not sustained deprivation of methionine promotes tumor ferroptosis and improves response to checkpoint inhibitors.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.

Here, by performing multi-omics microbiome analyses in a cohort of children with new-onset T1D, the authors characterize altered microbial functional and metabolic traits involved in T1D, which they validate in animal experiments, together providing potential avenues for microbiome-based interventions.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis of individuals with clinically assessed or self-reported depression identifies 44 independent risk loci. Comparisons with other psychiatric disorders and candidate gene analyses provide new insights into major depressive disorder.

Vacuum-driven nanofiltration (NF) is a promising and low-cost alternative to pressure driven NF but existing commercial membranes currently not achieve any relevant water flux in such a system. Here, the authors fabricate a silk-based membrane with a crumpled and defect-free rejection layer, showing high flux and salt rejection rate under cross-flow filtration mode.

Beneficial Aspergillus cvjetkovicii protects host plants against fungal diseases by inactivating pathogenicity-related gene transcription of phytopathogens via 2,4-DTBP signalling.