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In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Monocytes derived from bone marrow leucocytes are chemically conjugated with a Tau-specific aptamer via bioorthogonal chemistry, enabling systemic delivery across the blood–brain barrier and targeted clearance of extracellular Tau in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models.

The upscaling of kesterite photovoltaics is challenging and results in low performance. Xiang et al. tune the thiourea/metal precursor ratio to improve the morphology of the kesterite film, achieving 10.1% certified power conversion efficiency in 10.48-cm² modules.

The paper reports decadal changes of ultra-low-velocity zone and seismic anisotropy in the Earth’s lowermost mantle, revealing an unexpectedly vigorous lowermost mantle convection and the capability of seismic monitoring of deep mantle dynamics.

The interfacial energy losses at the perovskite/electron selective contact interface remain an obstacle for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells to approach its theoretical efficiency limit. Here, authors employ a cage-like diammonium chloride molecule to modulate interfacial dipole.

Declining oocyte quality contributes to age-related reduction in fertility; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here Liu et al. reveal that replenishing mevalonate pathway metabolites and supplementation with a natural compound, 8-isopentenyl flavone, improve aged oocyte quality by restoring cortical F-actin through CDC42 and RAC1 prenylation.

Membraneless organelles formed by liquid–liquid phase separation regulate cellular processes. Here Bai et al. show that mitochondria-associated translation organelles (MATOs) consisting of RNA-binding proteins and translation machinery mediate localized synthesis of mitochondrial proteins to promote mitochondrial health and extend lifespan in worms.

A DNA matrix material potentiates humoral response through multiple administration routes, generating neutralizing antibodies and conferring robust protection against infection.

Some rhizosphere microbes protect plants from phytopathogens through unclear molecular mechanisms. Here, Zhang et al. show that a rhizosphere bacterium displays antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi by reducing the activity of the fungal NatA acetyltransferase complex, thus inducing protein degradation and apoptosis.

DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) plays pivotal roles in autophagy regulation. Here, the authors show that DRAM1 stabilizes lysosomal VAMP8, thereby promoting autolysosome maturation. Furthermore, they establish that DRAM1–VAMP8 axis enhances autophagic flux and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma extravasation, as validated in both zebrafish xenograft and mouse metastatic models.

By regulating the level of accessible cholesterol on endothelial cells via OSBP/ORP-mediated transport, tetraspanin tunes the balance of Cdc42 and RhoA activities to affect vascular inflammation. Reducing accessible cholesterol by statin treatment or blocking its non-vesicular transport by OSBP/ORP inhibition can limit vascular inflammation.

Supported subnanometric clusters are a much sought-after class of catalyst, but governing the anchoring onto the support and the resulting properties of the clusters remains a challenge. Now the authors show how UTL-type germanosilicate can stabilize ultra-fine Pt clusters, resulting in a superior catalyst for propane dehydrogenation.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

The salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis pathway—involving ligation of benzoyl coenzyme A and benzyl alcohol to give benzyl benzoate; hydroxylation of benzyl benzoate to give benzyl salicylate; and cleavage of benzyl salicylate to give SA—is highly conserved in plants.

Geometric quantum gates—engineered evolution paths for qubit control—promise noise resilience but have shown limited fidelity in prior implementations in semiconductor quantum computation. Here the authors demonstrate high-fidelity single-qubit gates in a single-hole quantum dot in Ge, outperforming conventional dynamical gates.

Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) binds to the EBV glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L complex and allows for virus entry to epithelial cells, which could be blocked by DSC2-specific antibodies. DSC2 allowed for virus entry independent of Ephrin receptor A2.

This study shows that Galectin-3 promotes wound healing by binding to and undergoing phase separation with integrin α5β1, a process disrupted by AGEs in pre-clinical models of diabetes. Topical Galectin-3 restored healing in synergy with insulin.

A mixed-dimensional hot-emitter transistor based on mixed-dimensional graphene/germanium Schottky junctions uses stimulated emission of heated carriers, achieving an ultralow subthreshold swing and a high negative differential resistance.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

A newly identified coronavirus isolated from farmed minks can use the receptor ACE2 to infect cells of different mammalian species, including human cells, which has implications for potential zoonotic spillover events.

Using computational and experimental methods, Ouyang and Chen et al. reveal a drug design principle that the hydrophobic properties of small-molecule drugs significantly influence their ability to engage with and effectively target phase-separated proteins.

The interplay of magnetism, various symmetries and correlations can lead to intriguing physics in the solid state. Here, the authors report signatures of a Hund nodal line in the antiferromagnet YMn₂Ge₂.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

Solar energy conversion may provide a renewable means to store energy as fuels, although there are a limited range of suitable photocatalysts. Here authors develop germanium and silicon based 2D materials with tunable bandgaps for high-performance photocatalytic water and CO₂ reduction.

Only a limited proportion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Here, the authors show that in autochthonous models of KRAS-mutated lung cancer, CCL7 promotes cDC1 infiltration into the lungs, sustaining antitumor immune responses and potentiating anti-PD1 treatment efficacy.

Microbial interactions of the honey bee gut microbiome are incompletely understood. Here, the authors report a reciprocal interaction between two core bacterial genera: Bifidobacterium aids in demethylation of the pectin backbone enabling its breakdown by Gilliamella; in return, Gilliamella shares digestion products.

Alterations in myocardial mitochondrial metabolism following myocardial infarction (MI) lead to structural and functional abnormalities of the heart. Here, the author shows that inhibiting the palmitoylation of CD36 alleviates lipid metabolism disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes post-MI.

The authors present a Mn incorporation strategy to enhance the stability of PdH_x metallenes by locking interstitial H atoms via strong electronic interactions in the immiscible alloy, resulting in an improved alkaline oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability at working temperature around 353 K.

Phosphoantigen-mediated BTN2A1 association drives BTN3A1 intracellular fluctuations outwards in a thermodynamically favourable manner, thereby enabling BTN3A1 to push off from the BTN2A1 ectodomain to initiate T cell receptor–mediated γδ T cell activation.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

The authors develop a scalable reactive sintering method to produce ZrNiSn-based thermoelectrics without melting, achieving a high zT of 1.33 at 873 K through hierarchical microstructure engineering and detailed property analysis.

Zhang and colleagues found that Omicron RBD binding to Siglec-9 impaired phagocytosis and antigen presentation in macrophages, an effect abrogated by an F375S mutation in the spike protein of Omicron.

To overcome various challenges in forensic pathology, the authors present SongCi, a visual-language AI trained on multi-modal autopsy cases of various cohorts. SongCi detects diverse post-mortem diseases and injuries and gives clear image-text explanations for forensic analysis, rivaling senior pathologists.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is limited by the scaling relationship in the conventional oxygen associative pathway. In this study, single p-block atoms and interstitial H are incorporated into Pd metallenes favoring the direct dissociation mechanism, leading to high alkaline ORR performance.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S protein can provide a treatment strategy for COVID-19. Here, Guo et al. provide the crystal structure of a SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibody isolated from a convalescent patient and highlight the therapeutic efficacy in a rhesus monkey model of an engineered version with optimized pharmacokinetic and safety profile.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) tegument proteins BBRF2 and BSRF1 have been suggested to form a hetero-complex. Here, He et al. provide the crystal structures of BBRF2 alone and in complex with BSRF1 and suggest that the complex tethers EBV nucleocapsids to the Golgi membrane, facilitating secondary envelopment.