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Numerous feathered dinosaurs and early birds have been discovered from the Jurassic and Cretaceous, but the early evolution of feather-feeding insects is not clear. Here, Gao et al. describe a new family of ectoparasitic insects from 10 specimens found associated with feathers in mid-Cretaceous amber.

Wang, He, Gong and colleagues identify an age-related decline in the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC11 in chondrocytes that leads to senescence and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, highlighting the potential of targeted ZDHHC11 delivery as a therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis.

Controlling oxidation pathways is crucial for efficient water purification. Here, authors develop Fe/Mn single-atom catalysts that tune radical and non-radical processes, enabling rapid, robust degradation of pollutants and offering broad potential for wastewater treatment.

Qifa Zhang and colleagues report the map-based cloning of the quantitative trait locus GS5, which regulates grain size and yield in rice. GS5 encodes a putative serine carboxypeptidase and increased expression is associated with larger grain.

Designing scaled electronic devices for neuromorphic applications remains a challenge. Here, Zhang et al. develop an artificial molecular synapse based on self-assembled peptide molecule monolayer whose conductance can be dynamically modulated and used for waveform recognition.

Inspired by the regenerative capacity of deer antlers, Hao and colleagues report that antler blastema progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicle treatment counteracts bone loss and epigenetic aging and is neuroprotective in mice and macaques.

Bone and blood lineage cells communicate each other to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Here authors show that osteolineage RIPK4 couples osteogenesis and myelopoiesis via MFN2 to regulate mitochondrial dynamics.

Mechanical cues are critical regulators of cell fate and behavior. Here, the authors present a magneto-responsive nanomesh that mechanically stimulates cells and simultaneously detects the triggered biomolecules

Hot carrier transport in organic systems has remained elusive due to rapid energy relaxation and limited transport properties. Here highly mobile hot carriers and their relaxation dynamics are reported in a crystalline two-dimensional conjugated coordination polymer, revealing two distinct transport regimes.

Torpor is an adaptive hypometabolic state in response to energy scarcity. Here, Cheng et al. show that catecholaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla induce torpor in mice by lowering body temp and heart rate (heart rate decline precedes cooling).

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Photothermal therapy using photo agents developed with high photothermal conversion efficiency under long-wavelength laser irradiation has been investigated in preclinical cancer treatment. Here this group reports coating mesoporous carbon nanomaterials with a lanthanide oxysulfide up-conversion material (Y₂O₂S:Yb³⁺, Er³⁺) with tumor targeting capability for in situ ocular melanoma tumor treatment.

Legionella effector LtpM is found to recognize short two-residue sequons, enabling site-specific O-glucosylation with minimal perturbations to a target protein, and is used to show that O-glucose can act as a constitutively active O-linked N-acetylglucosamine mimic.

Exercise exerts health benefits, yet the long-term effects of early-life regular exercise on later-life health and lifespan remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show early-life exercise in mice extends healthspan, though it does not affect lifespan.

Human guanylate kinase (GMPK) is the sole enzyme for GDP biosynthesis contributing to antiviral prodrug activation and tumorigenesis. Here, authors profile the ligand-specific conformations of human GMPK along with the reversible catalytic pathway.

Direct CO₂ conversion into high-value organic products faces significant selectivity challenges. This work presents a FeCo carbide-based tandem catalyst enabling high-efficiency, stable production of C2+ alcohols.

The hydrogen economy offers a promising route to reduce fossil fuel use, but efficient hydrogen cycling remains challenging. Here, the authors report a bioinspired sulfo-oxygen bridge that optimizes the interfacial water structure to boost hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

SARS-CoV-2 mainly transmits via respiratory droplets. Here Deng et al. show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect rhesus macaques via ocular conjunctival inoculation.

How excitatory neurons (EN) acquire senescence is unclear. Here, the authors show that GDF11 in ENs slows EN senescence, brain ageing, cognitive decline and maintains lifespan, revealing a mechanism underlying EN senescence and brain ageing.

The enzyme involved in RNA primer removal during ptDNA replication has long remained mysterious. Researchers have now found that PEN1 is responsible for this process, thereby filling a critical gap in our understanding of ptDNA replication.

Methods to stratify patients according to mortality risk are essential to allocate limited heath resources during the COVID-19 crisis. Here, using machine learning methods, the authors present a mortality risk prediction model for COVID-19 that uses patients’ clinical data on admission to stratify patients by mortality risk.

Capturing and separating perfluorinated gases is critical due to their environmental concerns. However, microporous adsorbents show slow mass transfer within micropores limiting their performance in applications. Here, the authors report fluorinated mesoporous covalent organic frameworks for the storage of octafluoropropane and perfluorocyclobutane and separation from other gases mixtures.

Developing artificial leaves is crucial for advancing Net Zero Future, but most artificial leaves rely on the use of metal or semiconductors catalysts that usually have a lower catalytic activity and selectivity compared to biocatalysts. Here the AUs report Ecoleaf, a biodegradable artificial leaf that mimics the controlled expansion and contraction of stomata and enables enzymic CO₂ conversion.

In a multicenter randomized phase 3 trial, stapokibart, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IL-4R alpha, significantly improved daily nasal and ocular symptom scores during the pollen phase in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Allylic amination of unactivated alkenes with aliphatic amines is a long-standing synthetic challenge in organic chemistry. This is now accomplished in an oxidant-free, site-selective process by using a combination of a photocatalyst and cobalt complex for the coupling of olefins and alkyl amines with hydrogen evolution.

Here they identify a selective PRC1.1 inhibitor, iBP, that treats bone loss by improving osteoblast function. iBP releases repression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enhancing bone formation and repair in aging, trauma, and disease models.

P2X3 activation requires tightening the inner pocket of the head domain (IP-HD) following ATP binding. Here the authors demonstrate that targeting the IP-HD with allosteric small molecules presents a potential strategy for the development of therapeutics for refractory chronic cough without taste abnormalities.

Here the authors provide new radiocarbon, U-series, and OSL dates for Homo sapiens fossils from Tongtianyan cave, southern China, placing them at 33-23 thousand years ago and indicating widespread presence of Homo sapiens across eastern Asia in the Late Pleistocene.

Superionic states of matter simultaneously exhibit some of the properties of a liquid and of a solid. Detailed numerical simulations predict two superionic phases in mixtures of helium and water.

An atomically thin high-κ gate dielectric of Bi₂SeO₅ can be formed via layer-by-layer oxidization of an underlying two-dimensional semiconductor, allowing high-performance field-effect transistors and inverters to be fabricated.

IsoNet, an isotopologue similarity networking strategy based on mass spectrometry-resolved stable-isotope tracing metabolomics, enables ab initio elucidation of unknown metabolites and their reactions, which is applied to the glutathione metabolic reaction network.

Fault-tolerant manipulation of quantum bits is demonstrated experimentally on an eight-photon cluster state using topological error correction.