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Electron-deficient nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles can be converted into all-carbon aromatic frameworks via skeletal editing but reported methods are mainly limited to nucleophilic modification of ring-opening species. Here the authors report an electrophilic modification method which converts pyridines into arene-1,3-dialdehydes or naphthalene-1,3-dialdehydes.

A graphdiyne-assisted ultrafast sparking synthesis platform is developed to synthesize a group of metastable nanomaterials, including single-atom materials, high-entropy alloys and high-entropy oxides.

Authors identify a genic male sterility gene, ZmENR1, in maize and report that it encodes an enoyl carrier protein reductase that forms heterodimers with ZmHAD1 to ensure maize pollen and anther development through regulating lipid and ROS metabolism.

While one-to-one scaffold hopping strategies are thriving and evolving, one-to-multiple strategies remain challenging to design. Here, the authors report a scaffold hopping strategy for the skeletal editing of pyrimidines into a wide range of heteroarenes through the addition of nucleophiles, ring-opening, fragmentation, and ring-closing processes.

SMAD ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) was identified as a critical activator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt pathway by promoting phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) neddylation and cytoplasmic complex of PDK1 assembled with Smurf1 and SETDB1 (cCOMPASS) assembly. Smurf1-antagonizing repressor of tumor 1 (SMART1), a highly selective degrader for Smurf1, was developed and suppressed the tumor growth of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutant colorectal cancer.

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is critical for propylene production, yet overcoming the trade-off between activity and stability remains a challenge. Here a robust Pt@Sn-MFI catalyst is developed for PDH, leveraging the synergy between Pt and hydroxyl sites.

Using human data and mice models, it was revealed that assimilation of ammonia by a gut microbe prevents its harmful accumulation that can impair kidney function.

Results of a multicentre phase 1 clinical trial evaluating treatment with the engineered herpes simplex virus VG161 in advanced liver cancer indicate a good safety profile and promising efficacy.

Here the authors use in situ mooring data in the Maluku Channel and the Lifamatola Passage of the Indonesian seas to show that a western boundary current transports Antarctic water from the South Pacific to the Indian Ocean.

Interferon-γ (IFNγ)-activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) phosphorylates phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) at serine 337 (S337), enabling glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) interaction, promoting α-ketoglutarate-dependent PHD3-mediated GPX4 proline 159 (P159) hydroxylation and stabilizing GPX4 to counteract ferroptosis.

Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-phosphorylated adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) binds to Beclin1 upon lipid deprivation. ADSL-produced fumarate increases Beclin1 K117 dimethylation by inhibiting lysine demethylase 8 activity, resulting in disrupted binding of BCL-2 to Beclin1, enhanced autophagy and liver tumor growth.

Genetic dissection of hybrids is more difficult than inbreds as nonadditive effects are involved. Here, the authors report a pipeline for joint analysis of phenotypes, effects, and generations and demonstrate its usefulness in identification of loci associated with quality traits and improving predict accuracy in genomic selection of hybrid rice.

Duan, Hu, Han, Lei, Wang et al. report that ADSL-mediated production of fumarate suppresses STING activation and impairs T cell and NK cell infiltration, thereby facilitating immune evasion in breast cancer.

A meta-analysis of exome-wide association studies for blood lipid levels in East Asian populations identifies a novel coding variant. Exome array data from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium were integrated and led to the discovery of novel and population-specific variants associated with cholesterol and triglycerides.

Multimetal oxyhydroxides are among the most active catalysts for alkaline water oxidation, but tuning their properties remains a challenge. Now, the performance of NiFe- and FeCo-based catalysts is optimized with the incorporation of high-valence modulator metals, which shifts the active metals towards lower valence states and enables lower overpotentials.

Water oxidation is key to the production of chemical fuels from electricity. Now, guided by theory, NiCoFeP oxyhydroxide catalysts have been developed that require an overpotential lower than that required by IrO₂. In situ soft X-ray absorption studies of neutral-pH NiCoFeP catalysts indicate formation of Ni⁴⁺, which is favourable for water oxidation.

The genome sequence and its analysis of the diploid wild wheat Triticum urartu (progenitor of the wheat A genome) represent a tool for studying the complex, polyploid wheat genomes and should be a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of wheat.

Surface structure manipulation can manipulate the activity and durability of catalysts. Here, the authors report a series of one-dimensional single crystal cobalt oxide nanorods, and show that surface oxygen vacancy formation modifies electronic and adsorption properties leading to enhanced electrocatalysis.

Achieving long-cycle-life, aqueous, dual-electrode-free Zn/MnO₂ batteries with high energy density is challenging. This work introduces a liquid crystal interphase in the electrolytes with soft templating effects, considerably enhancing performance.

To optimize the interfacial quality and electrode magnetism in spintronic devices, the authors develop an electrode transfer technique that can greatly improve device interfacial quality, performance and reproducibility, universal to various spacers.

Regioselective C–H functionalization of pyridines remains a persistent challenge due to their inherent electronically deficient properties. Here, the authors present a strategy for the selective pyridine C3-H thiolation, selenylation, and fluorination under mild conditions via classic N-2,4-dinitrophenyl Zincke imine intermediates.

Here, authors report an inter-site structural heterogeneity induced effect of hierarchical single atom Fe catalysts for robust oxygen reduction. Dynamic evolutions and insights into structure-activity relationship are presented.

In the Li-S battery, a promising next-generation battery chemistry, electrolytes are vital because of solvated polysulfide species. Here, the authors investigate solvation-property relationships via the measurement of solvation free energy of the electrolytes, guiding advanced electrolyte design for Li-S batteries.

The interfacing of Cu with nitrogen-doped nanodiamond enables the electrocatalytic production of C₂ oxygenates from CO₂ with promising stability.

Here the authors design an electrolysis reactor to generate H₂O₂ which could be further catalytically activated by Cu single atoms to yield hydroxyl radicals. Combining the two reactions enables a system that could treat organic wastewater, providing a path toward sustainable advanced oxidation processes.

The electroreduction of carbon dioxide to formate represents a desirable strategy for the production of fuels and commodity chemicals. Now, guided by density functional theory, Cui and colleagues report CuSn₃ alloys that exhibit high activity and selectivity for formate production from CO₂ electroreduction at potentials as low as −0.5 V versus RHE.

Integrating electrocatalytic H₂ production with biological H₂-fed systems for CO₂ upgrading requires H₂ generation to occur in biocompatible media—typically with neutral pH. Here, the authors design multi-site H₂ evolution catalysts that minimize the water dissociation barrier and promote hydride coupling in neutral media.

Electrochemical ion intercalation in 2D layered materials is known to occur through the material’s edges, accompanied by frequent structural deformations. Here the authors show that in MoS2 flakes where the edges have been sealed, a reversible and ion-selective intercalation occurs through the top surface via the intrinsic defects.

A supercooled liquid phase of elemental sulfur can be grown electrochemically on two-dimensional materials. This phase has a markedly higher areal capacity than solid sulfur, with possible implications for future lithium–sulfur batteries.

While heterogeneous catalysts can act as tangible, efficient materials for energy conversion, understanding the active catalytic sites is challenging. Here, authors engineer specific catalytic sites into molybdenum sulfide to improve and elucidate hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis.

New base editors change C to A in bacteria and C to G in mammalian cells.

Xuejun Zhang, Jun Wang and colleagues report the application of exome sequencing to a large collection of psoriasis cases and controls. They identify seven common and low-frequency nonsynonymous variants within known psoriasis susceptibility genes that are associated with psoriasis risk.

Dongfeng Gu and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease in Han Chinese individuals. They identify four loci newly associated with coronary artery disease.

Gold and palladium nanoneedle electrocatalysts benefit from field-induced reagent concentration to improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction in the synthesis of carbon-based fuels using renewable electricity.