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Domestic wastewater effluents contribute at least 3.1% of dissolved carbon in global rivers, highlighting a need to incorporate the legacy carbon into global carbon budget assessment, as well as to monitor and reduce carbon in wastewaters.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Ferromagnetic systems produced by the transition metal doping of semiconductors may be used as components of spintronic devices. Here, a new ferromagnet, Li_1+y(Zn_1-xMn_x)As, is prepared in bulk quantities and shown to have a critical temperature approaching 50 K.

Understanding global methane trends remains limited, especially from a consumption view. This study shows rising emissions, limited decoupling, and shifting trade patterns involving more emerging and developing economies.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Twin propagation involves three-dimensional normal, forward and lateral motion of twin interfaces with respect to the twinning shear direction. Here, the authors combine electron microscopy and atomistic simulations to study the until now unknown lateral structure of tensile deformation twins in magnesium.

By controlling the flow or composition of liquids, optofluidics provides numerous possibilities for devices, and so has great potential for transformation optics. Here, a multi-mode optofluidic waveguide is presented, which manipulates light to produce controllable chirped focussing and interference.

The collective-flow-assisted nuclear shape-imaging method images the nuclear global shape by colliding them at ultrarelativistic speeds and analysing the collective response of outgoing debris.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

CEST MRI is a unique molecular contrast that indicates specific proton exchange. Its wide clinical translation has been hindered by long scan time. Huabing Liu and colleagues developed a high performance deep-learning-based reconstruction method to enable fast CEST imaging.

Low-carbon lifestyles could reduce global carbon footprints by 10.4 gigatons CO₂e by targeting the top 23.7% of emitting households. This study quantifies 21 low-carbon expenditures while noting potential rebound effects that may offset carbon savings.

Many-body effects may be crucial for describing high harmonic generation in solids, but previous work did not fully account for many-body effects. Here the authors develop a non-perturbative, ab initio theory and apply it to monolayer MoS2, showing significant many-body effects in the perpendicular response.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) frequency and risk factors vary considerably across regions and ancestries. Here, the authors conduct a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine mapping study of HNSCC subsites in cohorts from multiple continents, finding susceptibility and protective loci, gene-environment interactions, and gene variants related to immune response.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Device-independent quantum key distribution aims at the ultimate quantum-based unconditional security, but current protocols’ rates are quite far from anything practical. The authors’ protocol narrows this gap by using two randomly chosen key generating bases instead of one.

In forests, trait expression is influenced by tree-tree interactions. Castro Sánchez-Bermejo et al. show how phenotypic variability of tree species decreases with tree diversity and contributes importantly to functional diversity in forests.

This study uses observations from the DKI Solar Telescope to reveal that the Sun’s corona hosts small-scale torsional Alfvén waves. These twisting motions likely carry enough energy to help heat the Sun’s atmosphere and drive the solar wind.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a versatile class of clinically approved drug delivery vehicles, particularly for nucleic acid cargoes, but they often suffer from instability issues. Here, the authors report that the room temperature stability of small interfering RNA LNPs formulated with unsaturated ionizable lipids can be improved by inclusion of mildly acidic, antioxidant-containing buffers.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

The suboptimal performance of perovskite solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptor as the electron-transporting layer underscores the need for their molecular engineering. Here, authors substitute the core of Y6 with phenanthroline and crown ether, achieving a certified efficiency of 25.59%.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Innovative hydrogen sensors, able to achieve parts-per-billion detection limits with sub-second response times, struggle to enter the market because of inadequate standardization frameworks, as existing frameworks primarily address conventional flammable gases. The disconnection between technical readiness and outdated guidelines prevents the effective deployment of complete hydrogen detection systems. Immediate actions are required to develop a risk-informed, performance-based standardization framework that validates sensor reliability under real-world conditions and provides clear guidance for system integration. Bridging these gaps is essential to prevent infrastructure failures that could undermine substantial investments and public confidence in the global energy transition.

The accretion disk environments surrounding active galactic nuclei are potential locations where there is an excess of eccentric mergers of large black holes, which have different spin–orbit tilts compared with circular mergers.

This work presents a fully implantable wireless optogenetic device that delivers spatiotemporally patterned cortical stimulation through the skull and generates artificial perception in mice.

Despite the ease of fine-tuning their reactivity, high-performance homogeneous photocatalysts competent for acetylene semihydrogenation are scarce. Here the authors introduce an effective cobalt catalyst for the production of polymer-grade ethylene, which is amenable to scale-up in a continuous-flow photoreactor.

Developing porous crystalline materials with tailored properties is challenging because of the vast design space and the high cost of screening. Now, highly fluorescent covalent organic frameworks have been identified through an AI-assisted iterative experiment–learning cycle workflow that integrates electronic configuration and quantum-level insights into the learning process.

Here, the authors used functional ultrasound imaging to map human spinal cord activity during urodynamically controlled micturition, showing that blood flow closely tracks bladder pressure and offering new insights into spinal cord regulation of micturition.

The authors report on a method for precise control of stoichiometry and surface termination during thin-film growth of a wide range of perovskite ABO₃ phases that exploits dynamic B-site layer inversion seen in the in situ electron diffraction.

Paired electrosynthesis is an efficient green process that minimizes resource and energy consumption as well as waste generation. The authors demonstrate an electrolysis system that pairs CO₂ reduction to CO at the cathode with allyl alcohol oxidation to acrolein at the anode.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Whether superconductivity coexists or competes with other types of order in unconventional superconductors is a question that has been hotly contested. An ARPES study reported by Yi et al. suggest that superconductivity and spin-density wave orders coexist and compete dynamically in Ba_1−xK_xFe₂As₂.

The extent to which SARS-CoV-2 serum neutralising antibodies are informative as correlates of protection for Omicron strains is uncertain. Here, the authors use data from a household-based prospective cohort study in Nicaragua to investigate correlates of protection against infection and symptomatic infection for Omicron BA.1 and BA.2.

Spin defects in 2D materials offer practical advantages for quantum sensing over their 3D counterparts. Here, the authors demonstrate quantum sensing under high pressure using boron vacancy centers in hBN placed inside a diamond anvil cell and use it to detect both stress gradient inside the pressure chamber and pressure-induced magnetic phase transitions.

Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes are widely used for desalination and wastewater treatment, though it is challenging to remove toxic micropollutants. Here the authors use a thermal-intensified interfacial polymerization method affording a membrane removing micropollutants.

Bacteria and fungi provide plants with enhanced access to mineral nutrients and water, but have also served as a source of genes to succeed on land. This study shows multiple independent transfers of a key gene for metal ion transport (NAS) to various plant lineages, highlighting a complex and dynamic history of gene exchange.

Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for modulators of androgen receptor (AR) protein levels using live-cell quantitative endogenous AR fluorescence reporters identify PTGES3 as a new regulator of AR stability and function in prostate cancer.

A millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic system with an onboard power supply and a wireless, optical control mechanism is developed for general applications in electrotherapy and specific uses in temporary cardiac pacing.

Prime editing guide RNA design is more complex than for standard CRISPR-based nucleases or base editors. Here the authors present PrimeDesign and PrimeVar for the rapid and simplified design of pegRNA and ngRNA combinations.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

This protocol covers a package for running statistical testing on the temporal dynamics of neural activity data obtained from various functional neural recording modalities.

A magnetic-spectrometer-free method for electron–proton scattering data reveals a proton charge radius 2.7 standard deviations smaller than the currently accepted value from electron–proton scattering, yet consistent with other recent experiments.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

Mechanical relaxation processes in glasses can provide information on the structural and mechanical properties of glasses. Here, the authors observe a fast secondary relaxation process in La-based metallic glasses, providing information on the inelasticity of metallic glasses.

Effective delivery of therapeutic agents to the infection site and the modulation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment at the site of infection are vital for the treatment of chronic bacterial infections but remain elusive. Here, the authors address these issues by developing a nanomedicine that combines chemical and immunological therapies for chronic bacterial infection management.