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Metabolic complications are common in patients suffering PCOS, including obesity, insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Here the authors show the efficacy of GLP1-based multi-agonists, and superiority of GLP1/E, for managing metabolic complications of PCOS in preclinical models, with improvement also of some reproductive traits.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a particularly aggressive cancer type with limited effective therapeutic options. Here, the authors identify the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS2 as a potential therapeutic target in ATC and mechanistically investigate its role in mitotic spindle and centrosome assembly.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Ortega-Molina et al. demonstrate that mouse models with mild, genetic overactivation of mTOR signaling develop chronic myeloid inflammation, causing reduced healthspan and lifespan, without an increase in tumor incidence.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Rare variant analyses identify a new type 2 diabetes risk allele near the LEP gene, which encodes leptin, and other risk alleles of intermediate penetrance in genes previously implicated in monogenic forms of diabetes.

The high level of morphological diversity in Australasian marsupials compared to those from the Americas remains poorly understood. This study shows that variation in ontogenetic allometry among Australasian and American marsupials is similar, despite this great difference in ecomorphological diversity.

Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.

The social exposome—lifelong social and economic adversity—can shape brain health and dementia risk. Here, the authors show that an adverse social exposome is linked to poorer clinical, cognitive, and brain changes in Latin American older adults.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Examination of archaeological pottery residues and modern genes suggest that environmental conditions, subsistence economics and pathogen exposure may explain selection for lactase persistence better than prehistoric consumption of milk.

A new sauropodomorph dinosaur taxon, Ingentia prima, and new lessemsaurid fossils from the Late Triassic of Argentina, reveal a distinctive and early pathway towards gigantism, 30 million years before the first eusauropods appeared.

Paterson and Yu et al. demonstrate that loss of the RNA alternative splicing factor RBFOX2 in the liver during a lipogenic diet leads to dysregulation of liver lipid and cholesterol homeostasis through a specific alternative splicing programme, which includes a splice switch of the high-density lipoprotein receptor gene Scarb1.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

This study demonstrates that growth arrest under stress in Arabidopsis protects meristem cells from DNA damage, challenging the idea that it is merely due to energy trade-offs and highlighting its role as an active defense strategy.

The relative importance of facilitative and competitive interactions in long-term community dynamics is debated. Here, the authors show that indirect reciprocal facilitation during recruitment in woody plant communities is widespread and linked with species richness, and explore its role in the coexistence of species.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Ru-pyrochlores find their way as alternative anodes of PEM water electrolyzers, and their high performance is owing to Ru sites embedded in RuMnO_x surface layers. Here, a water electrolyser with Y₂MnRuO₇ and only 0.2 mgRu cm⁻² has been tested with significant durability.

Trees come in all shapes and size, but what drives this incredible variation in tree form remains poorly understood. Using a global dataset, the authors show that a combination of climate, competition, disturbance and evolutionary history shape the crown architecture of the world’s trees and thereby constrain the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

The authors present a multiomics study of type 2 diabetes and quantitative blood lipid and lipoprotein traits in Hispanic/Latino populations. They demonstrate how integrating GWAS with omics characterization can advance precision medicine.

Imidazole propionate produced by gut microbiota is associated with atherosclerosis in mouse models and in humans, and causes the development of atherosclerosis through activation of the imidazoline-1 receptor in myeloid cells.

DNAJC12 variants cause parkinsonism. Here, the authors show that DNAJC12 stabilizes tyrosine hydroxylase, a crucial enzyme in dopamine synthesis, and identify key structural motifs for this interaction, explaining the pathogenesis of truncated variants.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Snoring is common in the population and tends to be more prevalent in older and/or male individuals. Here, the authors perform GWAS for habitual snoring, identify 41 genomic loci and explore potential causal relationships with anthropometric and cardiometabolic disease traits.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

A common but untested expectation is that nutrient enrichment causes biotic homogenization. However, a globally standardized nutrient addition experiment in grasslands shows proportionally similar species loss across scales and no biotic homogenization after up to 14 years of treatment.

Anthropogenic eutrophication is a driver of plant community shifts in many grassland ecosystems. Here, the authors use data from a globally distributed experiment to assess how nutrient addition affects multiple facets of grassland ecological stability and their correlations.

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.

Myelomagenesis progresses through well-defined pre-malignant states. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor repertoire analysis of bone marrow T cells in patients at different stages of myelomagenesis, the authors identify large clonotypic expansions characterized by the expression of multiple immune checkpoints.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

Analysis of the spread of the 20E (EU1) variant of SARS-CoV-2 through Europe suggests that international travel and insufficient containment, rather than increased transmissibility, led to a resurgence of infections.

Johannes Krause et al. synthesized seagrass carbon stock data from 2700+ soil cores to find that they vary by plant functional group and coastal setting, indicating where conservation efforts would most effectively avoid emissions from seagrass loss

Genome-wide analysis of copy number variants in 2,824 cases across the phenotypic spectrum of CAKUT sheds light on the genomic architecture of disease and identifies TBX6 as a driver for CAKUT subphenotypes in the 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome.

Synthesis and maturation of Okazaki fragments is crucial for lagging strand DNA replication. Here the authors find that the ubiquitin-specific protease Ubp10 works with the DNA synthesis machinery to promote Okazaki fragments joining by removal of PCNA through deubiquitylation of PCNA-K164.

Analysis of ground-sourced and satellite-derived models reveals a global forest carbon potential of 226 Gt outside agricultural and urban lands, with a difference of only 12% across these modelling approaches.

Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

Activating CO₂ to form methane is a potential strategy for energy decarbonization, but to activate CO₂ typically requires high temperatures. Here a ruthenium oxycarbonate is presented that forms by carbon interstitial doping of RuO₂, and this catalyst enables CO₂ activation at 50 °C.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

p53 regulates signalling pathways involved in metabolic homeostasis. Here the authors show that O-GlcNAcylation of p53 in the liver plays a key role in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis, potentially via controlling the expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.