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A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering can be used to measure the spin current carried by magnons in the presence of temperature gradients across a magnetic insulator.

Single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing of gallbladder adenocarcinomas from 75 patients stratifies the disease into groups with distinct clinical outcomes.

In a single-arm phase 2b trial, glecirasib, an oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor, had an overall response rate of 47.9% in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

The genetic basis of gestational diabetes remains poorly characterised, particularly in non-European populations. Here, the authors identify 13 novel loci and develop an early prediction model integrating polygenic risk scores and prenatal records in Chinese pregnancies.

Field-driven insulator-to-metal transition and associated colossal magnetoresistance have been reported in the magnetic nodal-line semiconductor Mn₃Si₂Te₆. Gu et al. measure infrared response across magnetic ordering and the transition, revealing a weakly metallic state instead of a traditional metallic state.

Here the authors show that arbovirus vector competence of Aedes mosquitoes is modulated by the midgut microbiota and identify the metabolite sphingosine from the gut symbiotic bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei_B17 (Eh_B17) as a factor mediating resistance to ZIKV and DENV infection.

The development of brain metastases is a lethal yet poorly understood event in the evolution of many cancers. Here, the authors perform whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing on matched normal, primary and metastatic tissue samples to explore the genomic features of brain metastases in colorectal cancer.

DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is mapped in mouse preimplantation embryos, postimplantation epiblasts, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and gametes. Nlrp14 maternal depletion perturbs DNA-replication-coupled passive demethylation and impairs 5hmC deposition.

H7N9 influenza A virus circulates in poultry but can also infect humans with often fatal outcome. Here, Chen et al. identify a novel nanobody that cross-reacts between H7N9 and human viruses H1N1 and H3N2 and protects mice from lethal challenge.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor small-molecule inhibitor fruquintinib plus chemotherapy significantly extended progression-free survival, but not overall survival, as second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers.

Combining resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy, an elementary excitation in hexagonal-boron-nitride-based single-photon emitters has been demonstrated, giving rise to multiple regular harmonics that can explain the wide frequency range of these emitters.

Normal maternal thyroid function holds significant relevance for pregnancy outcomes and long-term health. Here, the authors detect genetic associations with thyroid related traits in pregnant women.

Matye el al. show that coenzyme-A and glutathione deficiency in NAFLD limits fatty acid oxidation and antioxidant defence capacity. The nutrient sensing transcription factor EB induces autophagy–lysosome proteolysis and methionine cycle-transsulfuration to maintain hepatic cysteine, coenzyme-A and glutathione availability.

Favoured cathodes for batteries should include abundant and redox-active elements, such as manganese. Here the authors report a Na_0.6Li_0.2Mn_0.8O₂ cathode design featuring a unique layer stacking sequence that provides topological protection to oxygen redox to overcome the performance fading.

The organisation of chromatin in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos remains poorly understood. Here, the authors examine higher order chromatin structures of mouse SCNT embryos and provide insights into chromatin architecture reorganisation during SCNT embryo development.

The thickness dependence of the dispersion of spin waves in mesoscopic iron films is measured and found to be renormalized in the out-of-plane direction as the thickness is reduced. The results are captured by a Heisenberg model that accounts for the confinement in the out-of-plane direction through the loss of Fe bonds.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is central to a variety of inflammatory diseases, but how it is regulated to prevent excessive inflammation is not clear. Here the authors show that NLRP3 activation causes SHP2 translocation to the mitochondria to interact with and dephosphorylate ANT1, thus stabilizing the mitochondria and preventing release of proinflammatory mitochondrial DNA and ROS.

ROSE-Z achieves axial interference through an asymmetrical optical scheme, yielding 2 nm axial localization precision with ~3,000 photons and a single objective, which offers improved multicolor three-dimensional localization microscopy for cellular structures.

Repetitive optical selective exposure (ROSE) is an interferometric single-molecule localization microscopy method offering twofold improvement in lateral resolution with the same photon budget compared with conventional approaches.

Authors carry out a genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, noting subclonal expansion, associated with the emergence of a hypervirulent subpopulation.

Richard Houlston, Melissa Bondy and colleagues identify variants at five loci associated with glioma susceptibility, providing insights into the etiology of this primary brain tumor. The risk loci include common variants near TERT, CDKN2A-CDKN2B and RTEL1.

STEM is a transfer-learning-based method that integrates spatial transcriptomics and scRNA-seq data to reconstruct localization at the single-cell level and reveal gene expression variation within cell types in tissues.

The complex interactions in spin spiral systems play an important role for the emergence of multiferroicity and topological magnetic order. Here, the authors investigate the magnetism associated with the two inequivalent Cu positions in the model system Cu2OSeO3, observing site-specific electronic structure and associated magnetic excitations.