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A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

This study identifies the TaDT1-A^hapI allele conferring drought resistance without yield penalty. Its 899-bp promoter deletion evades TaMYC2 repression and thereby enhances autophagy-mediated stomatal dynamics and water-use efficiency, providing a potential breeding target.

Forestation can aid both carbon neutrality and air quality. Here, the authors show that forestation in South China increases biomass carbon storage and improves surface ozone air quality by increasing dry deposition and reducing turbulence.

Recycling lithium (Li) from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) can promote the circularity of Li resources, but often requires substantial chemical and energy inputs. This study shows an electrochemical method enabling Li recycling from spent LIBs with electricity generation and minimized chemical input.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death whose role in infectious diseases is being elucidated. Here, Qiang et al. show that PtpA, an effector secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, induces ferroptosis by hijacking host arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 to promote its pathogenicity and dissemination.

Multi-omics data are readily integrated using quartet reference materials.

Angle tunability in twisted bilayer graphene is crucial in promoting its applications of twistronics. Here an angle replication strategy is developed to obtain centimetre-scale bilayer graphene with arbitrary twist angles.

Macrophages with a reparative phenotype are important for tissue repair and have distinctive metabolic features. Here authors show that metabolic rewiring of macrophages during wound healing involves dephosphorylation of the transcription factor PPARγ, which results in activation of target genes that regulate lipid biosynthesis.

The reductive coupling of alcohols and nitro compounds typically yields amine products. Here the authors show that MgO nanoclusters catalyse this reaction, giving unsaturated C = N containing products.

A new RNA reference set improves detection of differential expression in clinical settings.

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying prevention of hyperarousal in acute stress conditions are not fully understood. Here authors show GAD2-positive GABAergic neurons in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus constrain the increase of wakefulness to prevent hyperarousal in a mouse model of stress.

The neural mechanisms of memory consolidation during sleep are poorly understood. Here the authors show that isolated theta waves from nucleus reuniens initiate neural ensemble reactivation during sleep required for spatial memory consolidation.

There is increased demand for effective, broad-spectrum treatment options against severe, multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Here, Wang et al describe an effective photodynamic therapy based on the adoptive transfer of macrophages loaded with a lysosomal photosensitiser.

The stabilization of the zinc electrode/electrolyte interface is critical for aqueous zinc battery operation. Here, authors report an electrolyte additive which promotes the formation of a bilayer solid electrolyte interphase, increasing the efficiency and utilization of zinc plating and stripping.

The ratio of tumour area to metastatic lymph node area (T/MLN) is a clinical indicator that can improve prognosis prediction of gastric cancer. Here, the authors use machine learning on whole slide images to generate a method that can predict metastatic lymph nodes and obtain T/MLN.

Structural and biochemical studies of the Mycobacterium smegmatis hydrogenase Huc provides insights into how [NiFe] hydrogenases oxidize trace amounts of atmospheric hydrogen and transfer the electrons liberated via quinone transport.

The genetic basis of spider major ampullate (Ma) gland silk production remains unknown. Hu et al. unveil a molecular atlas of this gland for the golden orb-weaving spider combining genome assembly and multiomics, revealing the single-cell spatial architecture of silk production in the Ma gland.

Using carbonyl compounds or alcohols as alkylating reagents for the synthesis of α-alkylated nitriles is appealing from a sustainability perspective. Here, a single-atom catalyst with Zn–N₄ motifs acting as Lewis acid sites effectively activates alcohols, thus promoting various alkylation and transfer hydrogenation reactions using biomass-derived alcohols as both the alkylating reagents and hydrogen donors.

Accurate detection of antigen p24 for HIV−1 early diagnosis remains challenging. Here the authors present a click chemistry amplified nanopore (CAN) assay that allows p24 quantification at ultralow concentration range in clinical samples.

Improving piezoelectric strain and voltage constant generally compromises piezoelectric performance and mechanical softness. Here, the authors report a bond weakening strategy for organic-inorganic hybrid piezoelectrics and mitigated these issues.

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) contributes strongly to PM_2.5 air pollution in Europe. Here, authors identify diverse Nr control pathways for Europe depending on emission and pollution formation and a priority of NH₃ control when costs are considered.

Selective cleavage of C-C bonds is very important in organic chemistry, but remains challenging because of their inert chemical nature. Here, the authors report that Zn²⁺ coordinated with N species on N-doped carbon catalysts can catalyze the aerobic oxidative cleavage and esterification of C(CO)-C bonds with high efficiency and activity.

Bubbles tend to burst and retract into droplets. Here the authors show how a droplet can be turned into a bubble by levitating the droplets acoustically and exploiting their buckling to form gas bubbles.

Bin Han and colleagues report the draft genome of moso bamboo, an important non-timber forest product. RNA sequencing analysis of bamboo flowering tissues suggests a connection between drought-responsive genes and potential flowering genes.

Bat MHC-I’s AA insertions boost thermal stability and peptide diversity, potentially adapting to flight-induced high temperatures and improving antiviral defenses, suggesting an evolutionary strategy to body temperature changes.