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Osteoporosis was revealed to pyroptosis-related inflammation. Here, the authors show multifunctional microsphere can retard osteoporosis by restoring bone homeostasis thorough pyroptosis blockade and hydrogen-mediated modulation of inflammation.

Methods for constructing targeted synthetic communities using existing microbial resources remain limited. Here, the authors report a genome-scale metabolic model-integrated strategy for bottom-up construction of synthetic microbial communities in the plant rhizosphere.

The role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in liver injury is elusive. Here the authors identify that MAIT cells frequency and TCR activation are associated with degree of liver injury and prognosis of liver transplantation.

Structural variations (SV) contribute to inter-individual variability. Here, the authors describe a first-generation multi-ancestry Asian SV catalogue containing 73,035 SVs from 8392 Singaporeans to provide insights into Asian SV diversity.

Clinically significant genetic variation in Asian populations is under-characterized. Here, the authors show the diversity in prevalence and spectrum of human disease and pharmacogenetic variants in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Catalytic and enantioselective construction of chiral α,α-dialkyl indoles represents an important yet challenging objective to be developed. Herein the authors describe a cobalt catalyzed enantioselective anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroalkylation via the remote stereocontrol for the synthesis of α,α-dialkyl indoles and other N-heterocycles.

Unlike cultivated soybean, the genetic basis for high latitude adaptation for wild soybean accessions is largely unknown. Here, the authors reveal how the subfunctionalization of E1 family genes and gene introgression have driven adaptation to higher latitudes in wild soybean accessions.

The authors observe an exceptional point and the corresponding phase transition in a superconducting non-Hermitian circuit. They find non-reciprocal microwave transmission can be achieved within the broken symmetry phase in the few-photon regime.

Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are playing an active role in tumor immune evasion in multiple cancer type. Here authors show that CD276 expression by TAMs may underpin this immune-suppressive role via promoting efferocytosis and suppressing MHC class II expression, which result in decreased CD4+ and CD8 + T cell infiltration.

Using readily accessible tropones and γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactones, the divergent synthesis of three classes of challenging [5.5.0] or [4.4.1] bicyclic systems has been achieved—with high efficiency and stereoselectivity—through Pd-catalysed higher-order cycloaddition. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory calculations indicate that the divergent reactions arise from the different reactivity of two diastereomeric intermediates.

How plant height is adaptive to high latitudes and high density planting is unclear. Here, the authors report a retrotransposon insertion in a WD40 protein encoding gene PH13 affects its interaction with GmCOP1s and increases the abundance of STF1/2, leading to reduced soybean height and increased shade resistance.

To obtain optimal yield and productivity in bioproduction, expression of pathway genes must be appropriately coordinated. Here, the authors report repurposing of base editors for simultaneous regulation of multiple gene expression and demonstrate its application in industrially important and model microorganisms.

Prime editing represents a great advance to the genome editing field but is currently limited by the editing efficiency. Here the authors look to improve the efficiency by recruiting target proteins and show that the transcription factor P65 could enhance the desired editing outcomes at different gene loci.

Limited work has been done on concurrent C-to-G and A-to-G base editing. Here the authors test how a number of chromatin-associated factors affect base editing and show that HMGN1 enhanced the efficiency; by fusing HMGN1 to GBE and ABE they develop a CRISPR-based dual-function A-to-G and C-to-G base editor (GGBE).

Functionalization of C–H bonds through direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalysis is an attractive synthetic reaction; however, many methods suffer from low catalytic efficiency. Now, the efficiency of direct HAT photocatalysis using photocatalyst eosin Y combined with Brønsted acids is reported, enabling the functionalization of unactivated C(sp³)–H bonds.

Salmonella Typhimurium establishes systemic infection by replicating in host macrophages. Here, Jiang et al. show that infected macrophages exhibit upregulated glycolysis and decreased serine synthesis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic intermediates that promote intracellular replication and virulence of S. Typhimurium.

The microbial synthesis of carbon-containing compounds from single carbon precursors is desirable, yet designed pathways to achieve this goal overlap with host metabolism. Here the authors design a de novo metabolic pathway to assimilate formaldehyde into acetyl-CoA that does not overlap with known metabolic networks.

Heat stress can activate heterochromatin-associated transposon elements (TEs). Here, the authors show that heat stress leads to global rearrangement of 3D genome and TEs activation closely correlates with 3D chromatin organization rearrangement in Arabidopsis.

Cancer cells producing ligands for the immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and CTLA-4 is an important mechanism of tumour immune resistance. Here authors show that BTNL2 expression on cancer cells generates a dysfunctional tumour immune microenvironment via promoting IL-17A-producing γδ T cells.

Here the authors delineate the dynamic changes in 3D genome and epigenome of differentiating macrophages and during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They reveal a role for NF-κB upon infection and identify SNPs in disease-susceptible loci, including rs1873613 that is located in the anchor of a dynamic chromatin loop.

Deeply-sourced volatiles are releasing from orogenic plateau regions, providing windows to plateau growth dynamics occurring at variable depths. Here the authors show that mantle-derived volatiles reveal the involvement of mantle dynamics in southeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau.

Realizing overtemperature protection with a molecular device is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate an overtemperature protection function by integrating thermo- and photoresponsive functions into a pillar[6]arene based pseudocatanene.

This Perspective examines the challenges involved in assessing the operation and performance of field-effect transistors based on emerging materials, and provides guidelines for the consistent reporting and benchmarking of the devices.

Bivalve molluscs have evolved various characteristics to adapt to benthic filter-feeding. Here, Li et al investigate the genome, transcriptomes and proteomes of scallop Chlamys farreri, revealing evidences of molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.

A new transplantation site in the abdomen, the subanterior rectus sheath, is shown to allow for functional maturation of stem-cell-derived islet cells and improved glycemic control in a proof-of-principle study involving four nonhuman primates.

Single-cell transcriptomic characterization of intraocular and extraocular retinoblastoma suggests that SOX4 may drive the local extension of retinoblastoma.

Photochemical methods are increasingly being used in chemical synthesis. This protocol describes how to optimize the reaction conditions for a standard chiral example using cyclodextrin derivatives as supramolecular hosts.