Fig. 20: Performance of metalens-based light sheet fluorescence microscopes.

a An illumination fluorescence microscope with a telecentric design and adjustable focus Moiré metalens is implemented in the experimental setup. b Images of intestinal tissue samples taken ex vivo at varying depths. Row 1: fluorescent images of villi under uniform illumination at three different depths, from left to right, including Δz = 0 μm, Δz = 40 μm, and Δz = 75 μm. Row 2: Images of villi at three corresponding depths are processed using the HiLo method, scale bar: 25 μm. c Experimental setup of the metalens-equipped LSFM system for imaging performance. d Fluorescence images of beads at various depths are captured while scanning the sample along the z-axis. e Experimental setup of the metalens-equipped LSFM system for in vivo imaging. In vivo images of green fluorescence emitted by the green fluorescent protein in a C. elegans with magnified views. f Bright-field image of the C. elegans. g LSFM image of the C. elegans. h Wide-field fluorescence image of the C. elegans. i Configuration of the RCNN framework for HiLo optical sectioning, including a comprehensive depiction of the DL model employed. j In vivo fluorescence images of mouse brain. Left 3 × 3 panel shows in vivo images of wide-field, ground truth, and model predictions at three different depths (the arrows in \({I}_{{uni}}\) point out the focused area), respectively. Right 3 × 2 panel shows corresponding \({I}_{{HiLo}}\) and \({\widetilde{I}}_{{HiLo}}\) zoom in results. a, b Reprinted with permission from ref. ²⁷⁷. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. c–h Reprinted with permission from ref. ²⁷⁸. Copyright 2022 De Gruyter. i, j Reprinted with permission from ref. ²⁷⁹. Copyright 2024 John Wiley and Sons