Table 1 Comparison of various nanostructurs-enhaced SPR biosensing platforms. (Selected)
Biosensing platform | Preparation Method | Sensitivity enhancement mechanism | Signal modulation | Target analytes | Sensitivity/LOD | Ref. |
Au/AuNPs | liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling | phase modulation | pathogenic H9N2 viruses | (1.04 × 10-5 fM) | |
Au/AuNPs | liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling | angle modulation | cortisol | 104.687 deg/RIU | |
Au/AuNPs/(MXene-TA-Au-PEG) | physical mechanical exfoliation + self-assembled + liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling+ charge transfer | angle modulation | exosome | 176.20 deg/RIU | |
Au/AuNPs | liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling | intensity modulation | miRNAs | 0.57 pM and 0.83 pM for miR-183 and miR-155 | |
Au/MoS2/AuNPs | liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling | angle modulation | LECT2 | 133.3 deg/RIU | |
Au/AuNRs | liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling | feedback light-induced intensity modulations | endocrine-disrupting chemicals | 5.9 × 10−8 RIU | |
Au/single-walled carbon nanotubes/ Fe3O4@TiO2, | arc plasma jet approach + liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling | angle modulation | PD-L1+ | 129.39 deg/RIU | |
Au/2D MOF(Cu-TCPP)-AuNRs | liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling | angle modulation | PD-L1+ | 253.31 deg/RIU | |
Au/Ti3C2 MXene/GNRs | liquid phase method + self-assembly | SPR-LSPR coupling | wavelength modulation | acetylcholine | 0.04521 nm/μM | |
Ag/Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) | magnetron sputtering | charge transfer | GH shift modulation | small biological molecules/ cancer markers | 1.72×108 nm /RIU | |
Au/Mxene@MOF | liquid phase method | charge transfer | angle modulation | PD-L1+ | 166.17 deg/RIU | |
Au/Apt/AgNCs@CoB | liquid phase method | SPR-LSPR coupling+ charge transfer | intensity modulation | exosomal marker CD63 | 320 a.u LOD: 0.15 fg /mL | |
Ag/GO | liquid phase method | Fano resonance+ charge transfer | wavelength modulation | carcinoembryonic antigen | 5.2 nm/(ng/ml) | |
Au/ 3D tuning hypersurface | electron beam evaporation | tune the resonant wavelength | wavelength modulation | D-biotin | 100 µm/RIU, 27.5 fM(LOD) | |
Au/Au@SiO2 | liquid phase method + self -assembled | SPR-LSPR coupling | angle modulation | PD-L1+ | 0.16 particles/mL | |
Au nanopore array metasurface | laser interference lithography + ion etching | SPR-LSPR coupling | intensity modulation | IgG | 0.5–64 nm(LOD) | |
Au/2D MOF@UsAu | liquid phase method + self-assembled | SPR-LSPR coupling + charge transfer | angle modulation | PD-L1+ | 144.38 deg/RIU |
