Scheme 1
From: Non-carbohydrate anaplerotic therapy counters empagliflozin-induced diabetic ketosis
Timeline and experimental design for Experiments 1 and 2, for testing the capacity of glycerol, alone and as an insulin adjunct, to inhibit diabetic ketosis. Type-1-like diabetes was induced with alloxan infusions. Two days after confirming diabetes, the sheep were maintained on insulin therapy to manage the condition. The diabetic sheep were then randomized into GLY-SAL or SAL-GLY treatment sequences, and ketosis was induced through partial insulin withdrawal combined with empagliflozin administration. In Experiment 1, the treatments consisted of either 1 L saline (SAL) or 5% glycerol in saline (GLY). In Experiment 2, the treatments included 5 IU insulin supplemented with either 0.5 L SAL or GLY. Blood and plasma samples were collected repeatedly at indicated time points for up to 5 hours post-infusion. GLY: Glycerol. SAL: Saline. IV: intravenous.
