Table 1 Participants’ demographics and laboratory results grouped by spontaneous conception and ART (n = 11,563).

From: Association between assisted reproductive technology and gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of serum folate and triglycerides

Variable

Spontaneous conception (n = 11,297)

ART (266)

P-value

Maternal age (years)

28.5 ± 4.4

31.7 ± 4.3

< 0.001

< 35

10043 (89.9%)

197 (74.1%)

< 0.001

≥ 35

1254 (11.1%)

69 (25.9%)

Height (cm)

161.6 ± 4.6

161.0 ± 4.5

0.029

Weight (kg)

71.4 ± 9.6

73.0 ± 9.7

0.005

BMI (kg/m2)a

27.3 ± 3.4

28.1 ± 3.3

<0.001

< 25

2817 (25.2%)

41 (15.6%)

<0.001

25–29

6137 (54.9%)

144 (54.8%)

≥ 30

2230 (19.9%)

78 (29.7%)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

121 ± 12

121.4 ± 11.0

0.576

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

74.5 ± 8.3

74.7 ± 8.2

0.667

Primipara (%)

6715 (59.4%)

230 (86.5%)

< 0.001

Cesarean section

4699 (41.6%)

214 (80.5%)

< 0.001

GDM

929 (8.2%)

40 (15.0%)

<0.001

ICP

702 (6.2%)

15 (5.6%)

0.702

PE

385 (3.4%)

10 (3.8%)

0.760

PIH

242 (2.1%)

4 (1.5%)

0.476

PTB

773 (6.8%)

19 (7.1%)

0.855

Gestational age (week)

38.7 ± 1.7

38.2 ± 1.6

< 0.001

Neonatal sex (male)

5973 (52.9%)

141 (53.0%)

0.967

Neonatal height

49.8 ± 1.4

49.8 ± 1.5

0.834

Neonatal weight

3341.2 ± 496.4

3377.1 ± 507.4

0.259

SGA

1010 (8.9%)

13 (4.9%)

< 0.001

AGA

8558 (75.7%)

193 (72.6%)

LGA

1729 (15.3%)

60 (22.6%)

Laboratory results

Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)

160.2 ± 70.9

182.4 ± 74.0

< 0.001

Folate (nmol/L)

26.6 ± 14.5

33.6 ± 15.3

< 0.001

tHcy (μmol/L)

8.5 ± 2.7

7.8 ± 1.7

< 0.001

ALT (U/L)

11.5 ± 13.2

13.9 ± 24.4

0.012

AST (U/L)

20.1 ± 15.7

21.9 ± 19.1

0.104

Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

3.5 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 1.0

0.920

Creatinine (umol/L)

60.1 ± 9.0

60.6 ± 8.1

0.188

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

6.4 ± 1.2

6.4 ± 1.2

0.944

triglycerides (mmol/L)

3.9 ± 1.8

4.5 ± 2.0

<0.001

LDL–C (mmol/L)

3.4 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 0.9

0.383

HDL–C (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 0.4

0.070

  1. a116 participants were unable to have their BMI parameters calculated due to the lack of height data.
  2. ART Assisted reproductive technology, BMI Body mass index, BP Blood pressure, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, ICP Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, PE Pre-eclampsia, PIH Pregnancy induced hypertension, PTB Preterm birth. SGA/AGA/LGA Small/appropriate/large for gestational age, tHcy Total homocysteine, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferas, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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