Table 4 Interpretations of quantum theory

From: Quantum theory cannot consistently describe the use of itself

 

(Q)

(S)

(C)

Copenhagen

âś“

âś“

Ă—

HV theory applied to subsystems

âś“

âś“

Ă—

HV theory applied to entire universe

Ă—

âś“

âś“

Many worlds

?

Ă—

?

Collapse theories

Ă—

âś“

âś“

Consistent histories

âś“

âś“

Ă—

QBism

âś“

âś“

Ă—

Relational quantum mechanics

âś“

âś“

Ă—

CSM approach

Ă—

âś“

âś“

ETH approach

Ă—

âś“

âś“

  1. The proposed Gedankenexperiment can be employed to study the various interpretations of quantum theory. Theorem 1 implies that each of them must violate at least one of the Assumptions (Q), (C), and (S) (indicated by Ă—). For hidden variable (HV) theories, it is relevant whether agents who are using the theory apply its laws (e.g., the guiding equation in the case of Bohmian mechanics) to subsystems around them or to the universe as a whole.