Fig. 2: Activity and stability of H₂O₂ generation on ZnGa₂O₄ anode.

a Scheme of the electrochemical H₂O₂ production on anodes through a water oxidation reaction. b LSV curves recorded in 2 M KHCO₃ before and after a stability test. The scan rate is 5 mV s⁻¹. c H₂O₂ FE of the prepared ZnGa₂O₄ anode at different potentials in 2 M KHCO₃ electrolyte (Error bars represent the standard deviation of three independent measurements). d The FE of typically reported anodes including ZnO²⁵, boron-doped diamond (BDD)³³, BDD (B/D ratio = 0.012)³⁹ BiVO₄³⁸, CaSnO₃²⁴, Bi₂WO₆:Mo⁷, and Sb₂O₃²⁶ for H₂O₂ generation in bicarbonate/carbonate electrolyte for comparison. The orange star represents the thermodynamic potential of 2e-WOR. e The H₂O₂ generation rate on the ZnGa₂O₄ anode at different potentials. f The accumulated amount of H₂O₂ in 60 min-electrolysis under different applied potentials, (50 mL electrolyte, electrode area = 0.5 cm²). g The FE and generation rate of H₂O₂ on ZnGa₂O₄ anode with an applied bias of 2.3 V versus RHE in 700 minutes. The electrolyte was periodically replaced.