Fig. 3: Characterization of enzymatic activity.

a Reaction-time curves of TMB colorimetric reaction catalyzed by CuNx-SAzymes and CuOx nanozymes. Inset: Photographs of peroxidase substrate (TMB, OPD, and ABTS) solutions catalyzed by CuNx-SAzymes. b Comparison of the specific activities (U mg−1) of CuNx-SAzymes and CuOx nanozymes. c Evaluation of the specific activities of CuN3-SAzyme under NIR light/X-ray irradiation or after irradiation by X-ray with the dose of 20 Gy/100 Gy (pH 3.54). d Enzymatic activities of CuN3-SAzyme and natural HRP after irradiation by X-ray with various doses. Inset: Photographs of peroxidase substrate (TMB, OPD, and ABTS) solutions catalyzed by radiation-treated CuN3-SAzyme and radiation-treated natural HRP (pH 3.54). These data are presented as mean values ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments).