Fig. 4: Physical drivers of the North Pacific constructive interference events in the ERA5 reanalysis. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Physical drivers of the North Pacific constructive interference events in the ERA5 reanalysis.

From: The driving of North American climate extremes by North Pacific stationary-transient wave interference

Fig. 4

A A Hovmöller diagram showing tropical outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies averaged over 15°S–15°N (shading) for constructive interference events from 20 days before (bottom) to 5 days after (top) peak interference. Black dashed lines indicate the longitudes of the western warm-pool (90°–150°E). Stippling indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05) evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. B Lagged composite plots of the NP SWI (red), wave activity flux length over the Eurasian continent (30°–150°E and 15°–75°N, Eurasian wave train; purple), normalized transient eddy forcing (orange), the western warm-pool OLR anomalies (WP OLR; green), and 50-hPa zonal mean zonal wind anomalies (u50; pink) for constructive interference event days. Scaling has been applied to transient eddy forcing and warm-pool OLR anomalies for visualization. Black dots indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05) evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations.

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