Fig. 2: Structural information of catalyst.

a Schematic illustration of the generation process for the used 10Ni/TiO₂-OH catalyst from the as-prepared 10Ni/TiO₂-OH catalyst. b, c HAADF-STEM images of the used 10Ni/TiO₂-OH catalyst. The EDS-elemental mapping results for the d Ni cluster and e Ni particle of the used 10Ni/TiO₂-OH catalysts.