Fig. 2: Design and characteristics of programmable CASP sensor in mammalian cells.

a Schematics of the CASP sensor. b The fluorescence outputs for the CASP sensor with or without target RNAs in HEK293T cell lines, the target and nontargets sequences were listed in Supplementary Data 2. Significance determined by two-tailed Student’s t test (P = 0.0008).****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. c The output distribution of the flow cytometry data for the CASP sensor, collecting at least 10,000 cells. d Performance comparison of the wild type (DiCas7-11(wt)) and RNase-deactivated (DiCas7-11(mut)) of CASP sensor. Fold Change is calculated as the fluorescence outputs in the presence of targeting-crRNA (crRNA (+)) vs non-targeting-crRNA (crRNA (–)). e The dose-response curves between CASP sensor output and the amounts of transfected plasmids of target RNA. Fold Change is calculated as the fluorescence outputs in the presence of target (Target RNA (+)) vs non-target (Target RNA (–)). f Detection of endogenous RNAs of 20 genes in the HEK293T cell lines by CASP sensor. Gene expression (transcripts per million, TPM) is shown in log-scale ranging from 3105 TPM (RSP2) to 1 TPM (CACNA1G) for the 20 genes. For each gene, 2–3 crRNAs are engineered to target different sites on the transcribed mRNAs. Fold Change is calculated as same as the ones in (d). Data are the average of three biological replicates ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.