Fig. 4: Unveiling regional commonalities and specificities in the quantitative distribution of brain gangliosides.

a A heat map for the hierarchical clustering of gangliosides for nine mouse brain regions from four mice. The scale bar indicates z-scores of standardized ganglioside values, with high and low ganglioside expression shown in red and blue, respectively. Rows indicate clusters of 58 significantly different gangliosides by brain regions (P < 0.001, two-sided one-way ANOVA), with a-series gangliosides marked by solid black bar and b-series by a diagonal-fill pattern. The left side of the rows indicates the nine sub-clusters of gangliosides. b, c The radar chart displays the distribution of glycan and ceramide portion across the 9 brain region, respectively. The scale bar for Pearson’s r values for each region is located below the radar chart. d, f partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of 9 brain regions based on the relative abundances of total gangliosides with its 2-D indication. e, g Glycan portion and ceramide portion according to loading 1 values of PLS-DA, respectively. The variables are ranked by the absolute values of their loadings. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.