Fig. 1: Location of the Challenger Deep and simplified deep circulation in the Western Pacific Ocean (130°E-162°W, 20°S-25°E).
From: Three-layer circulation in the world deepest hadal trench

Topographic data is from 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model (ETOPO1). The inset provides a closer view of the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. Red curves with arrows indicate schematic pathways of Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) below about 3500 m (based on ref. 6), and the black stars in the inset denote mooring locations named M1–M4 from south to north. WMB West Mariana Basin, EMB East Mariana Basin, WCB West Caroline Basin, ECB East Caroline Basin, MT Mariana Trench. Source data are provided with this paper.