Fig. 7: Schematic illustration of proposed H+ and Na+ energetics in Cyanothece sp.
From: A unicellular cyanobacterium relies on sodium energetics to fix N2

a Schematic representation of the typical H+ energetics across the thylakoid membrane coupled to photosynthesis in cyanobacteria (including Cyanothece sp.). Created in BioRender. Tang, S. (2023) BioRender.com/n32k956. b Schematic representation of the proposed Na+ energetics across the plasma membrane with Na+ gradient generator and consumer in N2-fixing Cyanothece sp. cells. Created in BioRender. Tang, S. (2023) BioRender.com/n32k956. Abbreviations: RTO, respiratory terminal oxidase; Cyt b6f, cytochrome b6f; PC/Cyt c6, plastocyanin/cytochrome c6; PQ, plastoquinone; Fd, flavodiiron; NDH, NADH-dehydrogenase; Fum, fumarate; Suc, succinate; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; Glu, glutamic acid; Gln, glutamine; Ser, Serine; Val, valine; Tyr, tyrosine; Ala, alanine; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; ADP, Adenosine diphosphate; Pie, inorganic phosphate; Δψ, membrane potential.