Fig. 6: RNA-FISH imaging of in situ bacteria in human kidney tissue.
From: Cefazolin shifts the kidney microbiota to promote a lithogenic environment
A universal bacterial FISH probe (red) with nuclear DNA detected with DAPI (blue) in kidney tissues obtained either in autopsy (A, B) or as biopsy (C, D). Bacteria was detected in glomeruli (A, C) and in the tubulointerstitium (B, D). For each image, the individual DAPI and bacteria channels are shown, along with the combined channel overlay. Bacterial signals indicated by fluorescent red, circled in white in the combined images. E Statistical comparison of the area of bacterial stain relative to total kidney tissue area between biopsies and autopsies. Statistical comparison was a t-test. Representative images were taken from N = 6 for autopsies and N = 4 for biopsies. df=9, t = 2.195, p = 0.177. All data is shown in Fig. 6E. For box and whisker plots; the center is the data mean, minima and maxima are the 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers extend 1.5 interquartile range from minima and maxima. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
