Fig. 7: Cost Contributions and comparison of costs and revenues for processes without and with water.

Cost contributions for a process without water and b process with water. Carbon flows (black arrows) and major three heat networks (dashed arrows) are represented. The storage ($0.04/GGE and $0.05/GGE, respectively) and utility ($0.01/GGE and $0.01/GGE, respectively) subsystems are not represented. c Comparison of economic performance between processes with and without water. Detailed economic parameters and results are specified in Supplementary Tables 11 and 12. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.