Fig. 5: Application in greenhouse crop production during hot seasons.

a A schematic of the experiment. Different samples are covered over many crops in a greenhouse to evaluate their impacts. b–d Lettuce experiment. b A photograph of the lettuces under different samples. The lettuces under the coolhouse film have the best growing status. Scale bar, 5 cm. c Maximal efficiency of PSII chemistry for the lettuces (the mean from three trials is shown). The coolhouse film is capable of enhancing the photosynthesis rate of lettuces under temperature and water stress cultivations. d Fresh and dry weight of the lettuces. The coolhouse film enables the best yield. The data are presented as the mean ± s.d. (n = 8); the error bars indicate measurement variations. e–h Chili experiment. e A photograph shows the chilis under the coolhouse film successfully completing the most important biological processes of producing flowers and fruits. Scale bar, 2 cm. f Maximal efficiency of PSII chemistry for the chilis (the average value from three trials is shown). g Fruit fresh weight. The data are presented as the mean ± s.d. (n = 4); the error bars indicate measurement variations. Insert: a photograph of the chili fruits (scale bar, 2 cm). Only the coolhouse film with excellent passive cooling and water saving capacities enables the production of chili fruits. h Fresh and dry weight of the chilis. The data are presented as the mean ± s.d. (n = 4); the error bars indicate measurement variations. i Eggplant under the coolhouse film also realizes successful production of flows and fruits. Only the eggplants under the coolhouse film realize successful fruit production. Scale bar, 1 cm (left) and 2 cm (right). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.