Fig. 2: Stabilization effect of the D18 membrane on perovskite and perovskite/HTL heterostructures. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Stabilization effect of the D18 membrane on perovskite and perovskite/HTL heterostructures.

From: Ultrathin polymer membrane for improved hole extraction and ion blocking in perovskite solar cells

Fig. 2: Stabilization effect of the D18 membrane on perovskite and perovskite/HTL heterostructures.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Illustration of the XRD and reflection spectroscopy tests for the complete solar cell devices during accelerated thermal aging at 85 °C. XRD patterns (b) and reflection spectra (c) of the control and D18 devices before and after aging. d Cross-sectional SEM images of aged control and D18 devices. ToF-SIMS depth profile of I− and FA+ within the aged control (e) and D18 (f) devices. g Illustration of exposing the aged Spiro surface for KPFM measurement. KPFM images of Spiro of control (h) and D18 (i) devices before and after aging, respectively.

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