Fig. 4: Effect of the D18 membrane on PCE and stability of PSCs.
From: Ultrathin polymer membrane for improved hole extraction and ion blocking in perovskite solar cells
a Reverse and forward J-V scan of the control and D18 devices (0.12 cm2). –R indicates reverse scan and –F indicates forward scan. b Statistical PCE of the control and D18 devices. c Reverse and forward J-V scan of large-area (1 cm2) control and D18 devices. d Operational stability of the control and D18 devices. e Thermal stability of the control and D18 devices under 85 °C. f Dark shelf stability of the control and D18 devices. All stability tests were based on devices without encapsulation.
