Fig. 5: ROS generation of C5T-Pc and C5T-Pco NPs.

a Relative PL signal curves of DCFH-DA solution at 525 nm in the presence of ICG, C5T-Pc and C5T-Pco NPs under 808, 760, and 760 nm laser irradiation (0.3 W cm⁻²), respectively. b EPR spectra of DMPO solutions with C5T-Pc NPs, C5T-Pco NPs, and PBS before and after 760 nm laser (L) irradiation for 1 min. c Relative PL signal intensity of DCFH-DA solution at 525 nm in the presence of C5T-Pco NPs under 808 and 760 nm laser irradiation (0.3 W cm⁻²), respectively. d Schematic illustration of molecular orbitals and transition pathway of non-aggregate and aggregate. e CLSM images of ROS production in 4T1 cells as determined by DCFH-DA and ICG, C5T-Pc or C5T-Pco NPs co-staining after 808, 760, and 760 nm laser irradiation for 5 min, respectively. The scale bar (50 μm) in the first image applies to the others. f CLSM images of the colocalization of ICG, C5T-Pc, and C5T-Pco NPs with nucleus and mitochondria stained with DAPI and MTG in 4T1 cells, respectively. The scale bar (50 μm) in the first image applies to the others. g Relative viabilities of 4T1 cells incubated with different concentrations of C5T-Pco NPs under normoxic conditions with the irradiation of 760 nm laser (0.3 W cm⁻², 5 min) or not. The results are represented of n = 3 (for PL signal curves of DCFH-DA) or 6 (for cell viability) independent experiments. All graphs are represented as means ± s.d.