Fig. 3: The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological changes.
From: Mitochondrial segmentation and function prediction in live-cell images with deep learning
a A schematic diagram illustrating the establishment of cellular models with mitochondrial dysfunctional through carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) intervention. The study explored the relationship between mitochondrial functions (MMP polarization, ATP generation, ROS production, mitophagy level, and respiration rate) and morphological features (created with BioRender.com). b Pseudo-color images obtained through MoDL under CCCP treatment with different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 µM, Time = 4 h) in HepG2 cells, showing intuitive changes in mitochondrial morphology. n = 16 images (2048 × 2048 pixel2 resolution), scale bars = 5 μm. c Comparisons of mitochondrial morphological features analyzed by MoDL. Statistical differences were calculated using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, CCCP treatment (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 µM) groups, respectively, vs. control. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between feature changes and CCCP concentration (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 µM). n = 2763 mitochondria. (1–10) area, eccentricity, equivalent diameter, Euler’s number, extent, major axis, minor axis, orientation, perimeter, solidity, (11–20) centroid x, centroid y, distance, weighted cent x, weighted cent y, weighted distance, form factor, roundness, branch count, total branch length, (21–31) mean branch length, median branch length, std branch length, mean branch angle, median branch angle, std branch angle, total density, average density, median density, aspect ratio, fluorescence intensity. d. Mitochondrial functions of HeLa, 143B, HepG2, L02, and U87 (green, blue, red, purple, and orange lines, respectively) cells under CCCP treatment (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 µM, Time = 4 h), n = 3 independent experiments, data are given as the mean ± SD. The original experimental biochemical results are provided in Supplementary Data 1. e Gene expression levels, including fission-related (DRP1, FIS1 and MIEF1), fusion-related (MFN1 and OPA1), mitophagy-related (PINK1 and BNIP3), and biosynthesis-related (SIRT1), in HeLa, 143B, L02, HepG2, and U87 cells under CCCP treatment (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 µM, Time = 4 h). n = 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
