Fig. 2: The recent change between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) effects. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: The recent change between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) effects.

From: Recent changes in ENSO’s impacts on the summertime circumglobal teleconnection and mid-latitude extremes

Fig. 2

200-hPa geopotential height (shading; gpm) anomalies regressed onto the (a) ISMR, (b) ISMR with the effects of ENSO removed, and (c) inverted summertime Niño 3.4 index during the 1951–1979 period. d–f Same as (a–c), but for the 1980–2020 period. Stippling represents the shading values exceeding the 95% confidence level. The green dotted (black solid) boxes refer to the locations of the observed action centers of the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) during the 1951–1979 (1980–2020) period.

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