Fig. 3: eCO₂RR performances of Ag NPs-Skeleton in various microenvironment.

Potentials and product FEs of (a) Ag NPs-Skeleton covered by MWCNTs and (b) Ag NPs-Skeleton washed with electrolyte for 1 h in 20 mM H₂SO₄ + 1 M KCl at various current densities. c FESEM and EDS mapping images for K of the Ag NPs-Skeleton after eCO₂RR at 100 mA cm⁻² for 20 min. d Humidity variation curves of the flow cell with/without electrolysis at a current density of 25 mA cm⁻², (e) contact angles, and (f) FE_CO of Ag NPs-Skeleton and Ag NPs-Skeleton-Ot. All the eCO₂RR tests here were conducted in a flow cell of 15 sccm CO₂ flow rate at 25 °C. For panels (a) and (b), 100% iR correction was applied. Error bars in (a), (b), (d) and (f) represent the standard deviation based on at least two or three separate measurements. Relevant source data are provided as a Source Data file.