Fig. 5: Synergistic interactions between Pd and Fe species at the reticular gas-solid interface.

a CH3OH yields (right axis) and amounts of residual H2O2 (left axis) in the Pd1Fe1/aUiO(H) and Pd1Fe(TCCP)/aUiO(H) membrane. Reaction conditions: 50 mg of MOF catalyst, 1 hour, 150 sccm humidified feed gas, and under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM 1.5 G). b Operando Fe K-edge XANES spectra of Pd1Fe1/aUiO(H) and Fe1/aUiO catalysts under PTMO conditions. c In situ EPR spectra of DMPO radical for observing reactive methyl and hydroxyl radicals on different photocatalysts under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM 1.5 G). d Isotope-labeled in situ ATR–FTIR spectra of Pd1FeOx/aUiO(H) and Pd1Fe1/aUiO catalysts under PTMO conditions. The absorption peaks at 886.3 and 853.3 cm–1 to be assigned to FeIV = 16O and FeIV = 18O species, respectively42. In situ ATR-FTIR spectra of Pd1Fe1/aUiO(H) catalyst under PTMO conditions by using humidified CH4/O2 (e) and CH4/Ar (f) as feed gas. The error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent measurements.