Fig. 2: Enhanced spatial region identification in Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and mouse brain tissues by STAIG.

a Boxplots of adjusted rand index (ARI) and normalized mutual information (NMI) of the nine methods applied to all 12 DLPFC slices (n = 12 biological replicates). In the boxplot, the center line denotes the median, box limits denote the upper and lower quartiles, black dots denote individual slices, and whiskers denote the 1.5 × interquartile range. b Manual annotations and clustering results with ARI and NMI by STAIG on DLPFC slice #151672. c Manual annotations, H&E stained image, clustering result with ARI, NMI, and UMAP visualization by STAIG on DLPFC slice #151673. d UMAP visualizations by baseline methods (stLearn, Seurat, STAGATE, SpaGCN, DeepST, conST, SEDR, GraphST, MuCoST) on DLPFC slice #151673. e Clustering results with ARI and NMI by baseline methods on DLPFC slice #151673. Manual annotations and clustering results of the other DLPFC slices are shown in Supplementary Figs. S1 and S2. f H&E stained image, anatomical annotations from the Allen Reference Atlas, and clustering results with Silhouette Coefficient (SC) and Davies-Bouldin Index (DB) by STAIG on mouse brain posterior tissue. The solid line box denotes the cerebellar cortex, and the dashed line box denotes the hippocampus area with Cornu Ammonis (CA) and Dentate Gyrus (DG). Clustering results from baseline methods are shown In Supplementary Fig. S3. g Manual annotations from Long et al. and bar charts of ARI by STAIG and baseline methods on mouse anterior tissue. The x-axis represents methods, and the y-axis represents ARI. Clustering results from baseline methods and bar charts of NMI are shown in Supplementary Fig. S4.