Fig. 4: Robust performance of STAIG in spatial transcriptomics lacking image data.

a DAPI-stained image with annotated laminar organization and clustering results with SC and DB by STAIG, STAGATE, GraphST, and Seurat on Stereo-seq mouse olfactory bulb tissue. Clustering results from other baseline methods are shown in Supplementary Fig. S5. b Visualization of spatial domains identified by STAIG and the corresponding marker gene expressions on the Stereo-seq mouse olfactory bulb tissue. c Bar chart of SC by STAIG and baseline methods on Stereo-seq mouse olfactory bulb tissue. The x-axis are methods, and the y-axis represents SC. d Annotations from the Allen Reference Atlas and clustering results with SC and DB by STAIG on Slide-seqV2 mouse olfactory bulb tissue. Clustering results from baseline methods are shown in Supplementary Fig. S6. e Bar chart of SC by STAIG and baseline methods on Slide-seqV2 mouse olfactory bulb tissue. The x-axis represents SC, and the y-axis represents methods. f Annotations from the Allen Reference Atlas, clustering results with SC, and visualization of CA1, CA3, and DG domains identified by STAIG and the corresponding marker gene expressions on Slide-seqV2 mouse hippocampus tissue. Clustering results from baseline methods are shown in Supplementary Fig. S7. g Manual annotations and clustering results with ARI by STAIG, STAGATE, GraphST, and Seurat on STARmap mouse visual cortex dataset. Clustering results from other baseline methods are shown in Supplementary Fig. S8. h Manual annotations and clustering results with SC and DB by STAIG, GraphST, and STAGATE on MERFISH human middle temporal gyrus dataset (upper) and mouse visual cortex (VIS) dataset (lower). Clustering results from other baseline methods are shown in Supplementary Figs. S9 and S10.