Table 4 Overview of genomics and post-genomic technologies: genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and exposomics
From: A roadmap to precision medicine through post-genomic electronic medical records
Omic technology | Overview |
|---|---|
Genomics | The study of genes, their variations, and inheritance in organisms, focusing on the transmission of traits and the molecular foundations of diseases and complex attributes. |
Epigenetics | The study of heritable changes in gene function, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, that do not alter the DNA sequence, aiming to understand how these modifications regulate gene expression. |
Transcriptomics | The study of RNA transcripts in a biological system, including the study of messenger RNA (mRNA), non-coding RNA, and other RNA molecules, to understand cellular processes and gene regulation. |
Proteomics | The study of proteins, their structures, and functions within a biological system, focusing on the complex interactions between proteins and their roles in cellular processes. |
Metabolomics | The study of small molecules, or metabolites, within a biological system, aimed at providing insights into metabolic pathways and their regulation to better understand physiological and pathological states. |
Microbiomics | The study of microbial communities, such as the human microbiome, focusing on the examination of their structure, function, and dynamics, with the aim to understand the composition, functionality, and interplay of these communities within their ecosystems, particularly in relation to human health and disease. |
Exposomics | The study of environmental exposures throughout an individual’s life, aimed at understanding how external factors like diet, lifestyle, and pollutants interact with genetics to influence health outcomes and contribute to disease development. |
