Fig. 6: Improvement of sucrose-induced metabolic function in S. salivarius dominant human gut microbiota culture-colonised mice.

a–h S. salivarius-dominant [Ss (+)] or -nondominant human gut microbiota culture colonised [Ss (-)] mice were generated from GF mice through transplantation with human faecal culture solution and fed a high-fat diet supplemented with sugars (sucrose, glucose, or fructose). a Experimental scheme for faecal microbiota transplantation experiment. Faecal total SCFAs (b) and EPS (c) were measured by GC/MS and HPLC. (n = 7, 7, 5, 7, 5, 7 independent experiments). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was used for the statistical analysis. d Faecal S. salivarius, B. ovatus, and B. thetaiotaomicron were detected by qPCR (n = 7, 7, 5, 7, 5, 7 independent experiments). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was used for the statistical analysis. e, f Changes in body and tissue weight (n = 7, 7, 5, 7, 5, 7 independent experiments). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was used for the statistical analysis. Blood glucose (g) and plasma GLP-1 (h) levels were measured at the end of the experimental period (n = 7, 7, 5, 7, 5, 7 independent experiments). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was used for the statistical analysis. Results are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SE). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.