Fig. 2: Microstructures, dielectric properties, and polarization behaviors of the MLCCs.

a Cross-section SEM images of S1-S4 MLCCs. b EDS mappings of Pb and Zr in the dielectric layers, and Ag and Pd in the internal interdigital electrodes (S4 MLCC). c Temperature-dependent dielectric constant and loss of S1-S4 MLCCs. d Room-temperature P-E loops of the samples measured at 10 Hz. e Polarization of S1-S4 MLCCs as a function of electric field.