Fig. 5: Diverse phage NADARs can counter DarTG1.
From: Phages carry orphan antitoxin-like enzymes to neutralize the DarTG1 toxin-antitoxin defense system
a Representation of the evolutionary relationships among NADAR superfamily members, with phage NADARs indicated in bold type. Labels refer to the NADAR type or group of organisms in which a particular NADAR homolog is encoded. See Supplemental Data File 1 for full protein alignments and Table S3 for protein accession numbers. b Growth of a ten-fold serial dilution of E. coli expressing darT1 and the indicated AdfN protein or empty vector (EV) under darT1 repressing ( + glucose, glu) or inducing ( + arabinose, ara) conditions. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. c–e Plaque assays of RB69 (c), T5 (d), and Bas25 (e) on strains without DarTG1, or with DarTG1 and the indicated adfN gene induced via anhydrotetracycline addition. See Fig. S7 for plaque size measurements. f Same as (c–e) but for T5 on a darTG2 expressing host, performed with sub-MIC chloramphenicol in the plates to slow growth, which is required for DarTG2 activity. The average of three independent replicates is presented with error bars representing standard deviation. ND, none detected. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
