Fig. 4: STWPs with various dynamic motions synthesized by different frequency-mode correlations.

a–c STWP with dynamic translational motion. The STWP is constructed by linearly polarized LPl,m=1 a modes (l = 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, mode group spacing ΔMG = Δl = –1). b–f STWP with bullet-like spatial and temporal pulse shape. The STWP is constructed by LG0,p modes (p = 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, mode group spacing ΔMG = 2Δp = –2). a, d Reconstructed isosurface of the wave packets. b, e Temporal evolution of intensity profiles along the x-axis. c, f Transverse intensity profiles at different times.