Fig. 1: Design principle and achievement exhibition of hyperhysteresis-mediated mechanical training. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Design principle and achievement exhibition of hyperhysteresis-mediated mechanical training.

From: Ultrastrong eutectogels engineered via integrated mechanical training in molecular and structural engineering

Fig. 1: Design principle and achievement exhibition of hyperhysteresis-mediated mechanical training.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A Schematic illustration of hyperhysteresis-mediated mechanical training strategy, incorporating three key steps: solvent substituting, mechanical training and fabricating 2st network. The network structure features SN–H with isotropous nanofibrils, i.e., PVA chains, before mechanical training, SN–E with hierarchically aligned nanofibrillar network, i.e., aligned PVA chains, after mechanical training, and DN–E with hierarchically aligned PVA chains interpenetrated by chemically cross-linked network, i.e., P(AAm-co-AAc). B Schematic illustration long-range ordered nanocrystalline domain and anisotropic hierarchical nanofibrillar network solvated by DES. Optical image demonstrates the remarkably ultrahigh strength of the mechanically trained DN–E, bearing 25 kg weight. C The advantage of hyperhysteresis-mediated mechanical training strategy is remarkable structural retardation in only single pre-stretching, displaying negligible structural recovery after training. A comparison of SN–H, SN–E and DN–E in terms of (D) stress–strain curves and (E) Young’s moduli and tensile strengths, exhibiting substantially reinforced mechanical performances. Inset, magnification of the tensile curve of SN–H. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 5 independent samples). F Comparison chart in the Ashby plot of Young’s modulus versus fracture strength of ultrastrong eutectogels via hyperhysteresis-mediated mechanical training with other reported strong and tough polymer gels. These gels include NCP hydrogels35, SALT hydrogels36, CRC organo-hydrogels37, PPF hydrogels38, PNS hydrogels3, BIN hydrogels6, HLMN hydrogels39, PAL hydrogels40, FCSO hydrogels25, SMT organo-hydrogels8, FICS ionogels41, HBN hydrogel microfibers42, ISR hydrogel fibers43, HBMC hydrogels44, In situ PS ionogels45, FCSS hydrogels5, ASE eutectogels20, FC DN-hydrogels46, Glassy gels47, SEWA hydrogels48, CSS ionogels29, PCP hydrogels49, APS hydrogels50, HE hydrogels51, RSE hydrogels10, SIC SR-hydrogels12, and HEPC hydrogels52. See Supplementary Table 2 for a complete list of data and abbreviations.

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