Fig. 3: Hyperhysteretic intermediate-induced structural retardation after mechanical training.

A Summarized average results of MTR index of SN–E with various trained time at trained strain of 200%. B Summarized average results of MTR index of SN–E with various trained time strains at trained time of 30 min. C Summarized average results of MTE index of DN–E with various trained time at trained strain of 200%. D Summarized average results of MTE index of DN–E with various freeze-thawed times and trained strain at trained time of 30 min. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 5 independent samples). Stress/strain as a function of training time is divided into three regimes (i–iii) for (E) various trained time at trained strain of 200% and F various trained strains at trained time of 30 min to show the mechanical behaviors during mechanical training. Notably, various trained strains are to be 100%, 150%, 200% and 250%, respectively; trained time are to be 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min and 60 min, respectively. G Schematic illustration of the mechanical behaviors during mechanical training in original and three regimes of i, ii, and iii. Mechanical training causes disordered polymer chains to be oriented hierarchically and the reformation of highly ordered nanocrystalline domains.