Fig. 5: Changes in core temperature and heart rate with increasing ambient heat stress in the climate chamber studies. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Changes in core temperature and heart rate with increasing ambient heat stress in the climate chamber studies.

From: Meta-analysis of heat-induced changes in cardiac function from over 400 laboratory-based heat exposure studies

Fig. 5: Changes in core temperature and heart rate with increasing ambient heat stress in the climate chamber studies.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Figure shows the model-predicted relation between the change in core temperature (top, red) and heart rate (bottom, purple) with increasing heat index in studies exposing participants to ambient heat stress in a climate chamber (k = 68 studies, n = 103 effect estimates). Model predictions are presented as means (lines) and robust 95% confidence intervals (shaded ribbons). Heat index was modeled via a restricted cubic (natural) spline. Predictions for a model in which heat index was included as a linear term are also shown (dark grey dashed lines). Models were adjusted for sample mean age and the duration of heat stress. Model outputs are shown for a hypothetical study with a sample mean age of 27 years and 100 min of heat exposure (based on the sample size-weighted medians of the analyzed studies). Model diagnostics are provided in supplemental Figures S51–S66 (pp 112–127). Model estimates and P-values (reported in the main text) were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. Individual effect estimates (grey bubbles) are sized according to their weight in the meta-analytic model. The marginal distribution of the individual effect estimates (unweighted) is depicted on the right side of the panel.

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